tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44534042089962409562023-11-15T10:05:37.788-08:00Health essayNorikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.comBlogger266125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-29802665132756906882020-08-27T22:09:00.001-07:002020-08-27T22:09:05.188-07:00Company Capabilities and Value Chain of IKEA Case StudyOrganization Capabilities and Value Chain of IKEA - Case Study Example A USP is characterized as a front line or a separation that isolates one item or administration from its opposition. This, in any case, doesn't infer that different items don't sell in the market. In a market, there are a few items, each with a separation, each with a bleeding edge â⬠each having a different USP related, and the admirers of the specific advantage are held by that item/administration or brand. For instance, in numerous locales, COKE is more grounded in taste contrasted with PEPSI, and in this manner, people having taste for more grounded refreshments incline toward COKE, while others go for PEPSI. The basic point in this conversation is that the two items sell, and sell well. Along these lines, the ability of a firm to build up a USP has turned on its deal volumes. Accordingly, going in reverse in the worth chain, when a provider sees the maker progressing nicely, the flexibly chain fortifies itself as far as its activities and procedures. Other than the tasks in t he worth chain, the activities inside the assembling unit have additionally represented a positive effect. A few creators partner this vibe like a current streaming in a wire; it gets like the abilities streaming back to where it is provided. The thoughts, values are engraved in the underlying foundations of the association and from that point, it circles to all pieces of an association and the business itself enjoys boosting its exceptional edge for its client esteems. Following is the conversation of the IKEA case that portrays an exemplary case of the equivalent. In a general sense, IKEA is about the furniture of different sorts and types and sorts. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-7999195401867556412020-08-22T13:22:00.001-07:002020-08-22T13:22:24.964-07:00Making Your Research Paper ProfessionalMaking Your Research Paper ProfessionalWhen you are writing a proposal for a research paper, it is important to remember that you need to be organized and detailed at the same time. It is also important to follow the required formatting guidelines in order to make your proposal look clean and professional. Writing a proposal for a research paper can be very challenging and require you to be organized and detail-oriented at the same time.One of the first things you should do when writing a proposal for a research paper is to make sure that all of your information is accurate. When you are organizing and preparing your proposal, be sure to include all of the necessary information such as names, titles, and affiliations of everyone involved in the project. The best way to make sure that everything is correct is to create a work order listing for each person or institution that you want to acknowledge.Once you have the necessary data ready, it is time to think about what type of informat ion you want to include in your research paper. By including all of the necessary data for your paper, you will not only make sure that your information is correct, but it will also help you make sure that it looks professional. Think about what information you will need to include in your paper and make sure that all of your data fits into your particular topic or thesis statement.One of the most common mistakes that people make when writing a proposal for a research paper is that they neglect to write the conclusion. After all, this is the part of the paper where you give a summary of the information presented in the rest of the paper. However, making sure that you include a summary will be much easier if you are organized and systematic when writing your proposal.Another mistake that people make when writing a proposal for a research paper is that they do not organize their information properly. Remember that a paper that you will present needs to be organized. When you are writi ng a proposal for a research paper, you need to make sure that your paper comes out perfect, and this can only be achieved if you keep the information organized and easy to read.In addition to keeping your writing organized, it is also important to make sure that you have all of the information needed for your paper in one location. By having all of the information in one place, you will make it easier for you to use the documents when you are studying for your papers. By putting all of the information you need in one place, you will be able to read the material faster and with more ease.Lastly, when you are writing a proposal for a research paper, you need to make sure that your writing is clear and to the point. Remember that when you are writing a proposal for a research paper, you should write in an organized way and make sure that your writing is very clear. It is not good enough to put an outline on your paper, because then you will end up having to re-write a lot of the infor mation because it was unclear to you.By making these small changes, you will be able to make your research paper look very professional and organized. It is important to remember that you can make any research paper look professional by following the above mentioned tips. By organizing and writing your proposal in a clear and organized manner, you will be able to present your research paper with a sense of professionalism. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-18041442422766165302020-08-21T11:04:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:04:23.097-07:00Aging and Marriage Essay Example For StudentsMaturing and Marriage Essay A major angle in keeping a marriage effective is how much correspondence happens between the two individuals included. For a sound relationship there is a requirement for a lot of correspondence. Correspondence, as expressed in class, is one of the key components to a fruitful marriage. There must be some open conversations and trust in the relationship to make it anyplace. In the event that you can not converse with your accomplice you won't have the option to take care of issues in a sound way. You must have the option to advise your accomplice things to assist you with learning and develop with them. You need to figure out how to bargain and help each other out. Correspondence must be a piece of your relationship somehow or another. You can't experience your life not conversing with your accomplice about significant issues that you ought to have the option to converse with them about.Another significant issue talked about in class was gay people and marriage. Gay marriage is a significant issue since it manages a generally enormous minority of the United States. This issue is significant today concerning various thoughts. There are such huge numbers of thoughts of ethics, family esteems, and those of equity, legality, and right to security. The viewpoint with the most importance is continually surrendered over to discuss. Gay people are gay because of a mix of variables. These components are condition and society-the outside impacts and hereditary qualities. Consequently, gay people don't choose their own sexuality, nor do heteros. In this way, gay people ought to have indistinguishable rights from heteros, one of these rights being marriage. This is the reason it is vital to open strategy whether homosexuality is foreordained. I am not gay and I am not composing this to protect gay people. I simply accept that the entire issue is unreasonable towards gay people. Marriage goes past the advantages, be that as it may. The foundation of marriage is a regarded one, and holds a lot of wistful incentive for some individuals. In America, all men are to be made similarly. Does this avoid gay people? Many think so basically in light of the fact that they accept that marriage is certifiably not a right, yet a benefit. This contention implies that since gays won't carry a kid into the world normally, they don't merit the benefit of marriage. That doesnt appear to be reasonable. Distinctive age bunches hold their own assessments with marriage issues. Some youngsters, ages 18-25 are utilized to gays since gays have developed in this age. Moderately aged individuals may feel fine with the issue or ticked off. Individuals with families could feel that gay relationships around their locale are unique and unappealing. More seasoned people have experienced the maturing procedure and have not been comfortable with gay issues as of not long ago in the previous twenty years. Since they are more seasoned, they are increasingly antiquated and are accustomed to intuition the manner in which they thought a long time prior. This is basically that a man and a lady experience passionate feelings for, get hitched, have kids and develop old together. Yet, a gay marriage is an issue that these more seasoned residents should be confronted with. Ladies make up dominant part of that more seasoned populace and have a future that is longer than mens. Because of longer lives, ladies are relied upon to encounter incessant ailments and incapacities. They are likewise bound to live alone, be single and gotten poor in their mature age. Visiting a burial ground, you can see that most of the individuals perished were older men. This finishes up perhaps that men were a greater amount of the diligent employees previously, who allowed ladies the chance to care more for themselves and in turnthey lived longer lives. The old are dealt with distinctively all around the world.The level of old individuals in the United States has significantly increased since 1900, the number of inhabitants in old is relied upon to twofold among now and the year 2030. Not exclusively is the number more noteworthy, however they are additionally living any longer. .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 , .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 .postImageUrl , .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 , .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00:hover , .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00:visited , .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00:active { border:0!important; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00:active , .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u53ca6098d7 a354210b45da565ae51f00 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u53ca6098d7a354210b45da565ae51f00:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Cyber Bullying : Danger And Need Essay Even however there is a huge populace of old individuals in the United States, we as a general public disregard them as though they arent there. I think it is awesome when I see a more seasoned couple that has been hitched for quite a while. This implies they have paid attention to their marriage very are as yet dedicated to one another. Having an effective marriage is more troublesome in todays world than fifty or sixty years back. Later on, I accept there will be an ever increasing number of single ladies and men in light of all the miscommunications between the two. As expressed previously, marriage is something to pay attention to and take a stab at keeping one.By discussing great with each other, a wedded couple might be cheerful and develop old together. Reference index: Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-30806931954481048122020-05-26T06:58:00.001-07:002020-05-26T06:58:05.877-07:00Diabetes Mellitus An Autoimmune Disease And Affects The... Carla Rodriguez MED 2056 Diabetes Mellitus Instructor Anglo March 11, 2015 Pathophysiology Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease and affects the bodyââ¬â¢s metabolism of carbohydrates. There are varying types of diabetes but patients are predominantly diagnosed with type 1 or 2. Type 1 is an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and type 2 is a non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients are tested for diabetes by undergoing blood sugar tests or urinalysis. Typical symptoms are increased thirst, frequent urination, slowed healing, weight loss, excessive hunger, blurred vision and integument issues. Though this condition varies in severity, most patients can be treated with medications, by balancing their diets, and monitoring their blood sugar levels. Patients with type 1 diabetes are believed to have acquired it through genetic disposition or an autoimmune abnormality caused by an environmental trigger. Essentially, the bodyââ¬â¢s pancreatic beta cells are destroyed, which in turn, inhibits the pancreas from either producing or secreting insulin. This caused a disarraying effect to all body systems. The cause of type 2 diabetes is said to be from an ââ¬Å"imbalance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretionâ⬠(Ralph A. DeFronzo). The pancreas is not producing adequate levels of insulin, seizing production of insulin or the insulin that is produced isnââ¬â¢t being used well (Kullman, 2006, p.146). This is an issue because sugar stays sedentary in theShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : The Common Metabolic Disorder1298 Words à |à 6 PagesDiabetes Diabetes is defined as a serious disease in which the body cannot properly control the amount of sugar in your blood because it does not have enough insulin. (Merriam-Webster, 2016) It is the most common metabolic disorder out of various lifestyle diseases, and it is associated with many complications. The condition forms because of peculiarities in metabolism of carbohydrates and insulin integration. Diabetes is a chronic health disease, as it affects millions of Americans and increasesRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases That Affect How Your Body Uses Blood Glucose949 Words à |à 4 PagesDiabetes mellitus refers to a group of metabolic diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose. Glucose is important to health because it is the source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. It is also the brain s main source of fuel. The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or b oth. It is estimated that 8.3% of the United States population have diabetes and another 7 million are undiagnosed (HuetherRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus As A Chronic Disorder Essay1448 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction What is Diabetes? Some will know and only a few will ask. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder. It has 3 different kinds, Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational diabetes. ââ¬Å"The cause of diabetes is not known, but genetic, autoimmune, viral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors have all been implicated in the development of the diseaseâ⬠(Sawyer, pg 324). Some signs and symptoms of this disease include excessive thirst and appetite, increased urination, weight loss, fatigue, nausea and evenRead MoreNeeds Artificial Insulin3758 Words à |à 16 PagesWasnt he some kind of a musician? Insulin is a key player in the control of intermediary metabolism. It has profound effects on both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and significant influences on protein and mineral metabolism. Consequently, derangements in insulin signaling have widespread and devastating effects on many organs and tissues. To our surprise, insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920s) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting andRead MoreWhat Makes A Cure For Diabetes?1292 Words à |à 6 Pages Diabetes, or diabetes mellitus , is a long-term disease that causes high blood sugar levels. It is a progressive disease, which means it gradually gets worse and can be life-threatening if not treated properly.(Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments, n.d.). A cure for diabetes would mean: ââ¬Å"The ability to restore natural insulin production and normalize blood sugar levels without imposing other risksâ⬠(Focused on a Cure, n.d.) All forms of life need energy. This energy is attained through a processRead MoreThe Development Of Diabetes Mellitus1226 Words à |à 5 Pageshormone called insulin to correct metabolism. Without this hormone, glucose cannot enter body cells and blood glucose levels rise. As a result, the individual may begin to experience symptoms of hyperglycemia. Plainly expressed, this process is the development of diabetes mellitus. ââ¬Å"Numbers have increased in recent years because so many Americans are overweight. Also, testing accuracy has improved, therefore confirming more cases. The number of people with diabetes is expected to double as moreRead MoreDiabetes : A Growing Issue1149 Words à |à 5 PagesDiabetes mellitus has been a growing issue in the United States. Type 2 diabetes has been in the spotlight due to the rapidly increasing numbers of obese Americans. Many people suffering from type 2 diabetes can control or overcome the disease by adopting a healthier lifestyle. Unfortunately, not all diabetics can correct or prevent the problem with better diet and exercise. Type 1 diabetes can affect anyone; including people with a healthy lifestyle. At this time, there is no known cure for TypeRead MoreDiabetes And How It Affects A Person1590 Words à |à 7 PagesDiabetes And How it Affects a Person Day-To-Day Life Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which the body s inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high or too low. When someone has diabetes and lacks insulinRead MoreHealthy Food Is Vital On Our Daily Lives1709 Words à |à 7 Pagesand the cost of food are all components of the community s food environment. However, how one chooses to interact with the food environment by where one shops, what one buys, and what one eats are all personal preferences. Food insecurity is also a major deficiency in low-income communities. Food insecurity is associated with to diet sensitive diseases that cause a barrier when it comes to self-managing chronic diseases affecting a person s daily life. The United States Department of AgricultureRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : High Levels Of Blood Glucose2287 Words à |à 10 PagesCho CY Diabetes Mellitus Instructor Amanda Salzedo 9/11/14 People who suffer from diabetes have high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) caused by the way the body produces insulin, the way insulin works in the body, or both. After food ingested it is broken down into protein, fats and carbohydrates or glucose. Glucose is used to fuel the cells of the body but the body needs insulin to enable the cells of the body to use glucose as energy. People with diabetes mellitus Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-33447262941883766652020-05-15T13:33:00.001-07:002020-05-15T13:33:10.886-07:007 Classic Poems for FathersNorikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-75273174394506081482020-05-06T16:39:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:39:36.316-07:00Letter of Interest Essay examples - 857 Words Re: Research Assistant Dear Jason Geijskes, Please accept my application for the above-mentioned position as advertised on the http://seek.com.au website on 5 May 2010. My interest in working with a leading agribusiness industry together with the job responsibilities you have mentioned inspired me to apply for this position. My qualifications and skills that I believe will be important for this position are briefly discussed bellow for your kind consideration. Degree in biological science Presently I am in the final stage of PhD and I will submit my thesis on 1 Jun 2010. I have been studying this degree at the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, and the main focus of my research was to improve the drought performanceâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Here I cloned and sequenced genes in B. napus homologous to genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. I developed molecular markers from these gene sequences which in addition to other marker systems (including inter simple sequence repeats, intron length polymorphism) were used in molecular characterization of more than 150 canola genotypes. Enzymology and protein characterisation With a yearlong project in my master degree, I studied enzyme (catalase) kinetics (by spectrophotometric analysis) in response to the activation/inactivation of MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase pathway of a plant pathogenic fungus (Botrytis cinerea). I am also familiar with different protein purification and characterisation methods including UV-VIS spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, HPLC and mass-spectroscopy. I performed mass-spectroscopic analysis of isotopic composition of plant-leaf materials in one of my PhD experiment. Maintenance of greenhouse plants I have been growing and maintaining plants in controlled-glasshouse for last three years in my PhD. I grew different canola genotypes, collected physiological and biochemical data including water use, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, specific leaf weight, biomass production, and isotopic composition of ground leaf materials through mass-spectroscopy. Interpersonal and communication skills While studying master, I supported myself working as a professional note-taker at the University of WesternShow MoreRelatedHow I Write A Letter Of Interest980 Words à |à 4 PagesHow to Write a Letter of Interest KENYANPRO Introduction How to apply for a job that you are interested but there is no appropriate job posting? So how you can apply? In this situation you need to express your desire to meet the hiring manager by email or a letter. And this letter is known as letter of interest. What is a Letter of Interest? Letter of interest is used when you want show your interest to the hiring manager for a job position that is available to you. You can use LinkedInââ¬â¢sRead MoreA Letter Of Interest For The Clinical Therapist Position At The Ohio State University Counseling And Consultation Service782 Words à |à 4 PagesIt is with great enthusiasm that I submit a letter of interest for the clinical therapist position at The Ohio State University Counseling and Consultation Service (CCS). As a previous psychology intern and a current post-internship clinical fellow at CCS, I am well acquainted with the rich, supportive, and interdisciplinary climate fostered in the agency. This, along with the opportunity to serve marginalized populations, and tailor group and outreach activities to the needs of students and theRead MoreMy Strong Interest Inventory Showed Me My Top Three Highest Scoring Letters1948 Words à |à 8 PagesMy strong interest inventory showed me my top three highest-scoring letters in my general occupational theme, which are IAS. The ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠stands for Investigation, which means someone who prefers to take a scientific approach to things and likes researching, and experimenting. Then letter ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠stands for artistic, which is someone who takes a creative approach to things, and likes art, designing, music, or writing. Then the letter ââ¬Å"Sâ⬠stand for social, which is someone who enjoys the companionship ofRead MoreThe Founding Fathers Of Our Constitution Essay1494 Words à |à 6 Pagesbasis to the growth of Public Interest Litigation in India. The founding fathers envisaged ââ¬Ëââ¬Ëthe judiciary as a bastion of rights and justiceââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. An independent judiciary lanced with the power of judicial review was the constitutional device chosen to achieve the required objective. This jurisdiction to enforce the Fundamental Rights was conferred upon both the Supreme Court and the High Courts, hence them being the courts that have entertained all the Public Interest Litigation cases. Impetus forRead MoreLoan Contract For A State Bank Essay1133 Words à |à 5 Pagesââ¬Å"Offering Letterâ⬠, communicate and send it to the debtor candidate. In this Offering Letter, the bank stated that it is willing to give the offeree a loan in a specific amount. This offering letter is addressed to the offeree, and usually contains of the amount of credit that Bank willing to provide, the purpose of the loan (such as to run restaurant business), loan type (working capital, investment, consumer loan), credit period (1 year, 2 years, etc.), collateral, terms of credit payment; interest rate;Read MoreMy Experience On Business Communications1228 Words à |à 5 Pagesassignments included the condolence letter and the goodwill message. Some of the daily assignments were challenging to write, especially the condolence letter, but writing them help me because someday I might be faced with similar situations, and knowing how to appropriately address and write correct letters in advance can make a lot of difference. However, one of the important things I learned from this course is how to professionally write business letters. I know that knowing the correct andRead MorePhonics Teaches Children to Read Essay821 Words à |à 4 Pagescurriculum. Converting letters to recognizable print can be taught through phonics instruction and can lead to students comprehending the meaning of text. Phonics is an approach in which children are taught to decode words by using and applying their knowledge of the relationship between letters and individual sounds to read. In planning phonics instruction you will have to decide among several forms of phonics instruction. All the approaches include instruction in letter-sound relationships butRead Moreprogramiing Essay927 Words à |à 4 Pagescreates an array with 26 elements and stores the 26 lowercase letters in it. Also have it show the array contents. 2: Use nested loops to produce the following pattern: $ $$ $$$ $$$$ $$$$$ 3: Use nested loops to produce the following pattern: F FE FED FEDC FEDCB FEDCBA Note: If your system doesnt use ASCII or some other code that encodes letters in numeric order, you can use the following to initialize a character array to the letters of the alphabet: char lets[26] = ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ;Read MoreWashington s Farewell Address Analysis976 Words à |à 4 PagesWashingtonââ¬â¢s Farewell Address On September 19, 1796, first President of the United States of America - George Washington - wrote a letter commonly known as Farewell Address, which was published in a Philadelphiaââ¬â¢s newspaper called American Daily Advertiser for every citizen to read it ââ¬â nine years after the signing of the Constitution. This open letter was actually drafted and prepared in 1792, when Washington was planning to retire after working a single term in office; but after his Secretary ofRead MoreExternal Auditing: Assignment1203 Words à |à 5 Pagesdirectors and stockholders meetings for indication of lawsuits or other contingencies. * Analyze legal expense for the period under audit and review invoices and statements of legal counsel for indications of contingent liabilities. * Obtain letters from all major attorneys performing legal services for the client as to the status of pending litigation or other contingent liabilities. * Review financial statements of affiliate, and where related party transactions are apparent, make direct Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-72488162178569986542020-05-05T19:45:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:45:16.004-07:00Survey for Methods and Practices-myassignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about theSurvey for Methods and Practices. Answer: Surveys are an important part of collecting information in a systematic way. Different types of method are used to collect information such as primary and secondary data collection methods. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative methods are used for data analysis depending on the topic of the survey. While doing a survey the whole population is taken into consideration, which is known as universe, or sometimes a part of the population is used for specification. The data that are collected in the form of survey helps in addressing the research question and summarize precisely (Statcan.gc.ca, 2018). There are certain advantages and disadvantages of conducting a survey. It helps in gathering pertinent information from a relatively larger population at a very low cost. For instance when the survey is conducted using questionnaire only the printing cost is required. Moreover, the questionnaire can be sent through mails and fax and distributed by hand. Therefore, it becomes effective in reaching out to a larger population. There is no scope of observer bias as the questions are properly scrutinized (Explorable.com, 2018). On the other hand, survey has a rigid design, which makes it difficult to change in the beginning as per the supervision method. It cannot be changed in between the process of gathering data too. The controversial issues are not revealed through survey, which is a demerit on its part. Surveys with open- ended questions are not effective in gathering proper information and respondents might not feel comfortable in answering those. References Explorable.com. (2018).Advantages and Disadvantages of Surveys. [online] Available at: https://explorable.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-surveys [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. Statcan.gc.ca. (2018).Survey Methods and Practices. [online] Available at: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/12-587-x/12-587-x2003001-eng.pdf [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-15769650775021986262020-04-13T20:23:00.001-07:002020-04-13T20:23:02.962-07:00Activity Based Costing Essays - Management Accounting, Activity Based Costing The Use of Activity Based Costing By Joseph P. Milazzo Masters of Business Administration Hawaii Pacific University Fall 2000 Activity based costing (ABC) is a relative new way to allocate costs to specific processes and services. This system assures that the costs are accurately distributed to the products or services that generated them. ABC illustrates costs more accurately, giving management insight to the cost associated with certain business activities. ABC extends the decision-making skills of management by expanding on traditional costing (job order costing/process order costing) techniques. However, since ABC's introduction in the 1980's, many corporations are not using ABC, despite gained managerial decision making capabilities. Even by the mid-1990s, ABC's use has not spread throughout the accounting industry and its use is not obvious (Selto & Jasinski, 1996). The following article will discuss the pros and cons of the ABC method. Traditional Techniques ABC is an extension of traditional product costing techniques. These techniques are called job order costing and process order costing. A job order costing system arranges costs for each unit as it goes through a production process. A process cost system collects costs in work in progress account. The numbers of units worked are recorded for the accounting period. These systems alone do not accurately illustrate costs incurred. Instead, these two costing techniques generally lump costs into 3 main categories (cost centers). These three categories are direct materials, direct labor and overhead. Cost drivers are then assigned to represent the relationship between the cost and the process it is allocated to. Activity Based Costing ABC provides a better map of the costs of manufacturing products or distributing services. ABC uses a multitude of activity centers, which are the equivalent to the previously mentioned traditional cost centers. Each of these activity centers has its own cost driver and driver rate. ABC identifies many different costs to products by adjusting the cost driver and driver rates to specific activity centers. This process avoids across the board allocations of cost. For example, a product, which takes up .03% of space in the warehouse, would require .03% cost absorbed by product sales revenue. If the depreciation unit requires 5% cost to replace equipment at a latter date, 5% is the driver rate for that particular product. Unit, batch and product level costs can be determined with ABC. The following steps can summarize the ABC process. The first step is to identify the activities that consume resources and allocate costs to those activities. For example, purchasing materials, record keeping, labor, materials, miles driven, machine hours and number of customers served are activities, which consume resources and needs costs to be assigned to them. The second step is to distinguish the cost drivers that are related to each activity. For example, if machine hours an activity used in the process, then the number of hours used in production of one unit would be the particular cost driver rate. The last step is to allocate costs to products by multiplying the cost driver rate by the number of cost driver units consumed by the process. Pros There are many inherent strengths in the ABC model. The ABC model allows costs to be allocated to many different activity centers. Few corporations can focus on undifferentiated product lines and be successful. Having multiple product lines means the company has multiple cost drivers associated with each different product line. ABC is helpful in selecting which products are successful and which ones should be eliminated. Accurate cost information is key in determining the actual costs of frequent product changes. This cost is important because costs can be a good indicator of the justification or termination of varying product lines. Product lines have become more complex. Product lines of past were much simpler. For example, the Model T Ford came in one style and one color, black. Today, Ford cars have many different colors and styles. These different styles all have different cost drivers and activity centers. ABC illuminates hidden costs when high volume sales are not present and product differentiation is. This is advantageous because unprofitable lines can be replaced with lines that are profitable. Not many years ago, labor comprised 25 to 50 percent of a product's cost. However, since the 1960s, labor is increasingly less Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-44274722733947592802020-03-11T16:27:00.001-07:002020-03-11T16:27:03.182-07:00asian am 160 Essaysasian am 160 Essays asian am 160 Essay asian am 160 Essay asian am 160 BY kihong1963 Lecture (12. 4) Film How important is the impact of environment The Latehomecomer Asian American Literature Does not have the privilege to merely exist as fiction or literature Rather, it functions as a documentary of a people and a culture. It is read as a piece of social history Often Ethnic Literature such as Asian American Literature documents the marginal or minoritized status of Asian Americans in U. S. society given how it can only begin by telling us who/what Asians Americans are like Defining Hmong Opening Vignettes Hmong meant contained Without a Country Residents of many countries Always in between countries War (displacement), Camps and Processing Center Skin deep A group that no one knows about a name that elicits questions after questions A group that no one wants Not even a footnote in history Where do the Hmong come from? Author Kao Kalia Yang define Hmong through the historical circumstances that have allowed Hmong to enter into the U. S. consciousness She defines Hmong through the alues that have defined their marginalization in U. S. society She insists that the study of Hmong begins not Just with a study of who they are and what they have been through but also with a keen awareness of why we dont know who they are She defines Hmong through Silences (Skin Deep) the Clouds Camps and Processing Centers Silent vs. Silenced page 146-147 page 151 The Gift of Writing Gender Yang defines Hmong through the stories about women Yang defines Hmong through what Hmong culture has silenced Freedom page 188 Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-38160369936750881912020-02-24T06:53:00.001-08:002020-02-24T06:53:03.409-08:00The Changing Role of HRM in the NHS DissertationThe Changing Role of HRM in the NHS - Dissertation Example Since the inception of these new changes, the HRM practices have played some significant part in the national health services. There has been a remarkable change in HRM, which has reduced the challenges faced when the HRM is discharging their services to the citizens. One of the changes realized is transparency between the servants of HRM and the other government bodies. This has been realized through enhanced talks and auditing. The Officials of the HRM are also accountable to other higher government agencies as they act as a link between workforces and the managerial teams. There is also a public interview whenever new officials are recruited; this helps to bring about equality in employment (Goyal 229). Whenever there is a complaint against the practices of HRM, it has to undergo procedural steps for proper scrutinizing. This has helped to do away with propaganda and it enables proper representation of each party that is involved. There is also installation of safety measures to g uard the wellbeing of both the staff and the citizens. This contributes to high motivation among the staff because they feel secure while undertaking the activities of discharging their services to the people (Goyal 237). They are also entitled to a compensation, which enable them get some benefits. For instance, better policies are formalized, such as statutory benefits and insurance schemes. The HRM, aiming at achieving a better healthcare, conducts all these services and they have been pivotal in the development of a better image in the healthcare sector. The HR management is thus undertaking a new role of bringing a new understanding and flexibility in the delivery of health services, which results to the healthcare efficiency. The information system was appropriate as it used a common service center. For instance, there is the usage of human labor force in keeping records of sickness absence and the internal auditing of repots, which hinders accountability. Consequently, there is a problem of comprehensive evaluation of staff sickness absence. Evidently, a better information system needs to be implemented in order to improve the efficiency of line managers in order to deal with sickness absence accordingly. Sources have revealed that the formulation of proper policies, systematic procedures, and innovations in the key target areas are key in its accomplishment. For example, there is the provision of better terms and creation of a welfare unit to deal with the wellbeing of the staff .The sick staff has also been entitled to a full pay leave of six months and a half pay for the additional six months. Additionally, there is the development of a plan for purposes of catering for the needs of the emerging issues. Therefore, this has ensured the sufficient delivery of health services. A performance appraisal is conducted to evaluate each work and then a reward is given. Budgetary allocation of health services in the national budget has enabled creation of commi ssions and authorities that ensure that there is justice and equality in the administration of national health services through the HR management (Goyal 19). There is also the development of a similar treatment for all departments to ensure that equality prevails in all the represented Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-7538883369336974952020-02-07T23:40:00.001-08:002020-02-07T23:40:02.654-08:00Critique a Research Article Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsCritique a Article - Research Paper Example However, recent studies presented that almost 50%-72% of genetic elements are responsible for repeated co-occurrences of such disorders to the same patient or to the particular family tree. Thus, the research problem that has been addressed in this article is whether (cross)ââ¬âassortative mating or (cross)ââ¬âparent of origin effects of ASD and ADHD in parents have any relationship with the co-occurrence of either ASD or ASD with ADHD among their children. Initially, the article was aimed at discovering whether ASD and ADHD share similar structural and functional brain abnormalities which would also prove the co-occurrences of such disorders among parents and children belonging to one family tree. In order to obtain this particular aim, the authors used a series of literature studies an interview process. Subsequently, the obtained conclusion stated that the two disorders share insignificantly similar structural bases and functional brain abnormalities (Steijn, Richards, Oer lemans, Ruiter, Aken, Franke, Buitelaar & Rommelse, 2012). Evaluation of the Research Methods Used Does the author provide a literature review? One of the main reasons or motivations to use literature review in a research process is the intention to verify or justify the concerned issue with reference to prior studies and already evaluated and rationalized outcomes (Cronin, Ryan & Coughlan, 2008). However, the aim of the article was to identify and comprehend a new dimension of the concerned research phenomenon, i.e. the possibilities and the probable causes of co-occurrences of ASD and ASD with ADHD among parents and children in the same family tree. Hence, a greater emphasis is provided towards primary sources through interview rather than on literature reviews in this article. Nevertheless, the authors make use of the secondary research in the introductory part to signify the literature gap and the scope of the research. Is the Research Current and Relevant to Today Existing Heal th Issues? A large number of treatments are undertaken currently with children suffering from autism. Recent studies have depicted that almost 1 out of every 88 children is diagnosed with an ASD, among which boys have been examined as 5 times more vulnerable to girls. However, scientists have been unable to provide any valid explanation for the increase in the diagnosis (Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, 2012). Moreover, it is also identified that symptoms of ADHD also create significant problems for more than half of all the children with autism or ASD syndrome. Unfortunately, both the disorders, ASD and ADHD are under recognized and under treated by doctors in majority of medical cases. Hence, there is a greater demand and need for researching on such crucial topic in order to gain significant insights about these disorders (Autism Speaks Inc, 2011). Thus, it can be stated that research on such critical topic in the current context is worth to be undertaken for ensuring enhanced public h ealth. Describe the research type utilized? ââ¬â Experimental, non-experimental, quasi experimental, etc. The authors have applied experimental research type for conducting the research study in order to establish the assumed cause and effect relationship between the Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-15663311790478374612020-01-29T14:09:00.001-08:002020-01-29T14:09:05.180-08:00Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free Race and Ethnicity Essay Please show how Segregation shaped the lives of African Americans during the time frame 1870-1920. Please examine all faucet of society under slavery to support your argument. In the year of 1870, it was the re invention of slavery. America could not be built without economic. The south was still a negative place and they failed to accept blacks. After decades of discrimination, the voting rights act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that denied blacks to vote under the 15th amendment. The 15th amendment in 1870 gave African Americans the right to vote. The constitutional amendment passed after the civil war that it guaranteed blacks the right to vote. It affected not only freed slaves in the south but the blacks that were living in the north who was not allowed to vote(3). The amendment was favored by the Republican Party; since the votes of the slaves helped the party dominates national politics in the years after the war. During the same year, Hiram Rhodes Revels, who was a republican from Mississippi, became the first African American to sit in the United States congress when he was elected to the United States Senate. Millions of black men served in congress during reconstruction but more than 600 served in the states legislatures and many more held local offices(3). The Jim Crow laws were the era of struggle. The state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. In 1890, there was a ââ¬Å"separate but equalâ⬠status for African Americans. Jim Crow laws followed the Black codes which restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans with no equality. During the reconstruction period, the federal law provided civil rights protection in the United States for the African Americans who had formally been slaves(1). In 1890, Louisiana required by law that blacks ride in separate railroad cars. The state of Louisiana passed a law that required separate accommodations for black and whites on railroads, including separate railway cars. Plessy attempted to sit in an all-white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating in1890. Louisiana statute that provided for segregated ââ¬Å"separate but equalâ⬠railroad accommodations. Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute(4). Plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the stateââ¬â¢s police powers based upon custom, usage, and tradition in the state. Plessy filed a petition in the Supreme Court of Louisiana against Ferguson, asserting that segregation stigmatized blacks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority in violation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments(4). The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson was one of a combination of rulings passed by the U. S and the state Supreme Courts after reconstruction. Many of these decisions allowed and required Jim Crow segregation laws in southern states. At the highest level, the case was decided on May 18th in 1896, in favor of Ferguson and the state of Louisiana. The Supreme Court had given southern states all the permission they needed to let any remaining equality between the races fade away and be replaced by the Jim Crow laws standing(5). By the 1870s, many southern whites had resorted to intimidation and violence to keep blacks from voting and restore white supremacy in the region. Beginning in 1873, a series of Supreme Court decisions limited the scope of Reconstruction-era laws and federal support for the Reconstruction Amendments, particularly the 14th and 15th, which gave African Americans the status of citizenship and protection. The Compromise of 1877 occurred after the Presidential Election of 1876, when Congress formed the Electoral Commission to resolve disputed Democratic Electoral votes from the South. The republicans agreed to enact Federal legislation that would spur industrialization in the south. They agreed to withdraw federal soldiers from their remaining positions in the south(5). They did this to appoint democrats to positions in the south and to appoint a democrat to the presidentââ¬â¢s cabinet. The Compromise of 1877 effectively ended the Reconstruction era. The Southern Democrats promised to protect but the political rights of blacks were not kept. The end of federal interference in southern affairs led to widespread disenfranchisement of blacks voters(4). From the late 1870s, southern legislatures passed a series of laws requiring the separation of whites from persons of color on public transportation, in schools, parks, restaurants, theaters and other locations. These segregationist statutes governed life in the South through the middle of the next century, ending after the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960ââ¬â¢s. The migration was a watershed in the history of African Americans. It lessened their overwhelming concentration in the South, opened up industrial jobs to people who had up to then been mostly farmers, and gave the first significant impetus to their urbanization. The black migration began in the 1890s as African Americans left for cities such as Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and New York(8). The single largest movement of African Americans occurred during World War I, when people moved from rural areas and small towns in the South to cities in the North and the East. Even in the North, blacks encountered violence at the hands of whites, who resented competition for jobs and black economic success. Segregation and discrimination in housing, education, and jobs was pervasive in the North as well. From 1916, more than six million blacks left the South for other regions of the United States. Over the next fifteen years, more than one tenth of the countrys black population would voluntarily move north. The Great Migration lasted until 1930. This was the first step in the full nationalization of the African American population(2). The Klu Klux Klan is the oldest organization. During this time 1920ââ¬â¢s, there were still 85 percent of African Americans in the south. The Klan was created in 1871 by the Democratic Party to prevent African Americans from voting the 15th Amendment. The Klan also became Americans 1st terrorist group and became an institutional part of American life and political colt. African Americans were intimidated and had fear towards the KKK. They hated blacks, republicans, Jews, etc(6). In the 1920s, many blacks had been brought to the south against their own will after the success of the northern states during the Civil War. Also, after the freeing of the blacks from slavery in 1865, a group was established which was designed to spread fear throughout the black population that still lived in the southern states. Most of the hatred was directed against the poor black families in the south who were very vulnerable to attack(6). The white hooded KKK burnt churches of the black population, murdered, raped, castrated etc. They were rarely caught as most senior law officers in the South were high ranking KKK men. White people who were in contact with any blacks had a reason to fear the KKK because they would be after them as well for being what they called ââ¬Å"nigga loversâ⬠(6). The Black Americans tried to fight back using non-violent methods. The NAACP asked Washington for new laws to help combat the KKK violence but received very little help. In the 1920ââ¬â¢s Black Americans started to turn to the ââ¬Å"Back to Africaâ⬠movement which told blacks that they should return to their native America. This was started by Marcus Garvey but the whole movement faltered when he was arrested for fraud and sent to prison. If African Americans were to move back to Africa, they would be giving the ââ¬Å"white Americaâ⬠exactly what they asked for(6). African Americans drew to church. Going to church brought everyone closer to God despite everything that was going on in the 1920ââ¬â¢s. In 1865, blacks started to create independent black churches. The African Methodist Episcopal and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion churches claimed southern membership in the hundreds of thousands, far outstripping that of any other organizations. They were quickly joined in 1870 by a new southern-based denomination, the Colored (Christian) Methodist Episcopal Church. The church was founded by indigenous southern black leaders. Finally, in 1894 black Baptists formed the National Baptist Convention which was an organization that is the largest black religious organization still today in the United States(8). The blossoming of the Harlem Renaissance was during 1918 through 1937. Harlem is located just north of Central Park. Harlem formally was a white residential district but by the early 1920ââ¬â¢s, it was the becoming of a virtually black city. Harlem was a catalyst for artistic experimentation and a nightly popular nightlife destination. This was also an economic opportunity in New York(8). The Harlem Renaissance was a phase of a larger new Negro movement that emerged in the early 20th century. The movement raised issues affecting the lives of African Americans through various forms of literature, art, and drama. Its influence spread throughout the nation and beyond that included writers and philosophers. Between the 1920ââ¬â¢s and 1930ââ¬â¢s, about 750,000 African Americans left the south and migrated to the north to take advantage of this movement. The Harlem Renaissance appealed to a mixture audience. The literature appealed to the African American middle class and to whites. Many critics point out that the Harlem Renaissance could not escape its history and culture. Its attempt to create a new one separates from the foundational elements of White, European culture. Social foundations of this movement included the great migration of African Americans from rural to urban areas(8). The Harlem Renaissance was exposure to the African American Art and culture. It is also unusual among literary and artistic movements for its close relationship to civil rights. The Harlem renaissance set the stage for the civil rights movement of the 1950ââ¬â¢s and the 60ââ¬â¢s. This was very much black culture exposure. The African American artists intended to express themselves freely, no matter what the black public or white public thought. Since the 1980s, New Orleans has been the area for a new school of jazz players, among them trumpeter Wynton Marsalis and his brothers, saxophonist Branford Marsalis and trombonist Delfeayo Marsalis. New Orleans has brought widespread attention to jazz and a new appreciation of the city and its jazz tradition(7). In the 1890ââ¬â¢s it was the beginning of the Mississippi Delta Blues. The blues is the generation of American Music. By the 1900ââ¬â¢s New Orleans Jazz was introduced. Jazz was first originally accepted in France before anywhere else. Jazz was played by whites and blacks. Both races played jazz together. Jazz was for the middle class African American people(7). In conclusion, during the years of 1870 and 1920, African Americans still encountered a lot of continued discrimination against blacks in American and the separation of race. Through the Jim Crow laws and the segregation, Blacks kept it together through religion, and even music. When looking back at our history, African Americans had a great deal to do with the shaping of America today. Bibliography 1) Jim Crow Law (United States [1877-1954]). Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 2) Primary Documents in American History. 15th Amendment to the Constitution: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs Services, Library of Congress). N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 3) Fifteenth Amendment. History. com. AE Television Networks, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 4) Compromise of 1877. History. com. AE Television Networks, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 5) Compromise of 1877. Information about The. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 6) The KKK and Racial Problems. The KKK and Racial Problems. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 7) A History of Jazz Music. A History of Jazz Music. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 8) Notes. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-27939835497996266152020-01-21T10:33:00.001-08:002020-01-21T10:33:03.293-08:00Ear Disorder Essay -- Health, ImpairmentsAsk Mr Sylvester about his hearing and does he have any ringing in the ears, if this is the case we can refer Mr Sylvester to the Doctor's for ear testing. Scott,K,. Webb,M,. Sorrentino,S,. Gorek,B,(2007). Ear disorders can disrupt hearing and balance. Temporary hearing loss can be from a build up of wax (cerumen) blocking the ear canal, hearing will improve instantly once the wax has been removed and this can be do by doctor or registered nurse whomever you feel more comfortable with, retrieved from journal on Hearing loss (2011). A person may not even notice that they have a hearing problem as this can occur gradually, others may notice the difference first, by seeing changes in the person's behaviours, such as leaning forward to hear, asking question to be repeated, cupping ears for better hearing. Hearing is one of our main sensory's and a loss of hearing can affect one's mental health and emotions, hearing loss especially in the elderly, tends to lead to social isolation, depression and withdrawal from daily living stated by Bance (2007). Hearing loss may affect your quality of life and presents a safety concern. Age-related hearing loss is not life-threatening as written by Hua ng (2007). Hearing issue, symptoms of hearing loss are speaking: too loudly, leaning forward to hear, turning and cupping the better ear to hear, answering questions inappropriately or asking for words to be repeated. Do not assume or pretend that you understand what someone is saying. Scott,K,. Webb,M,. Sorrentino,S,. Gorek,B, (2007). Build a trusting relationship with the patient, introduce yourself to Mr Sylvester and ask him how he wishes to be addressed. Explain your role, Be honest with all your interactions wit... ... Any form of clutter in the home environment needs to be removed and stored properly, elderly people can easily trip over rugs and mats, these can easily be removed or tacked down for safety, they must be in good condition and not frayed or in disarray. House needs very good lighting and handrails for stairs, or ramps preferably. Environmental factors may need to be adapted for safety. Fire hazards such as papers, books should not be kept in the kitchen near stoves or any electrical applicant this was explained in Crisp and Taylor, (2005). Most injuries occurred with older people are, falls and burns this is due to Advanced aging and the physiological changes in vision, hearing, mobility, reflexes, circulation and the ability to react quickly. In the words of VISION 2020, ââ¬Å"the right to sight has no age limitâ⬠Chu & Kaldenberg & Huefner,(2009). Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-34900863036428944232020-01-13T06:57:00.001-08:002020-01-13T06:57:02.411-08:00Hard Times EssayDickens presents his criticism of the education for the labouring class in a sarcastic manner. He has created the classroom as a factory. The purpose of the education in Coketown is to root out the innocence and imagination of young children so they will grow into utilitarian robots expecting nothing more than the drudgery of industrial life. Dickens uses specific methods to put his point across of ââ¬Ëbad educationââ¬â¢ by using negative views. This is done with exaggeration because he wants the reader to think the same as what he thinks so it seems like education was extreme and intense. In ââ¬ËHard Timesââ¬â¢, the teachers fulfil the excessive teaching skills as they just want the ââ¬Ëlittle vesselsââ¬â¢ to be filled with facts. Dickens also presents a contrast between two children to show how differently each child gets treated because of their background or their attitude towards things other than facts. Another method that he uses is making the characters stand out through their names to symbolise their personality. Throughout chapters 1-3, Dickens emphasises on the word ââ¬Ëfactsââ¬â¢ because he wants to continuously present and criticise the education for the labouring class. ââ¬ËNow, what I want is, Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in lifeâ⬠¦ ââ¬Ë This is the opening sentence of the novel and straight away you have a vague idea of the extremism of teaching. Also the word ââ¬Ëfactââ¬â¢ is in capital letters and this signifies the importance of learning nothing but facts. The introduction of the teacher has a lot of exaggeration at hand. Thomas Gradgrind is a middle-class, self-made man. ââ¬ËA man of realitiesâ⬠¦ a man of facts and calculationsââ¬â¢. Dickens has made this character a very hard and cold teacher who knows what he wants from the students. ââ¬ËHe seemed a kind of cannon loaded to the muzzle with factsâ⬠¦ ââ¬Ë Dickens uses military imagery to show how the teacher wants to get rid of childhood imagination. ââ¬ËHe seemed a galvanising apparatus, too, charged with a grim mechanical substitute for the tender young imaginations that were to be stormed awayââ¬â¢. Dickens has described this as some sort of physics experiment because ââ¬Ëgalvanisingââ¬â¢ is the process named after Galvan in the stimulation of animal tissue by electric currents. But in this case it is the young children that are being stimulated with factual currents. Dickens has made the teacher to be very hard-hearted and cruel and this is to present his criticism on the education for the labouring class because he evidently disagrees with this concept of teaching and he wants the readers to feel the same way by using the different language techniques and this is mostly done through exaggeration. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-20653741821347619032020-01-05T03:20:00.001-08:002020-01-05T03:20:03.883-08:00Reflective Paper on Gay Marriage - 2764 Words Two Suits or Two Dresses: Itââ¬â¢s Still Love Shaka Ammons Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Nadine Acevedo January 28, 2013 Today many people have their own opinions and beliefs when it comes down to the topic of gay marriage. I personally feel that gay marriage should be legalized. Yes God said, ââ¬Å"That marriage is to be between a man and a woman.â⬠My question is, ââ¬Å"What gives people the right to judge or tell another human-being who to love or how to love?â⬠I personally feel itââ¬â¢s insulting to oneââ¬â¢s integrity and people should be able to express their love how they see fit. For centuries the United States has been known for its civil rights and freedoms. Many Americans are angered by the idea of same-sex relationships andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Such as pedophilia and polygamy which are controversial subjects but not as much as gay marriage. Even though comparing pedophilia and polygamy to gay marriage is a little much, people feel that allowing gay marriage goes against their morals, their views on society, lives they want for their children, and the future. For some violating same-sex couples civil right is worth it in the end only because they want to protect the value of a man-woman type marriage. To deny gays and lesbians the right to marry is in violation of their civil rights as a citizen of the United States of America. Legalizing gay marriage is not to attack how one feels and how they view things, but so that those can have a chance at equality also. Gay marriage is a very emotional topic and is going to be for years to come. So many people feel that homosexuality is wrong and not normal and therefore believe that homosexuals donââ¬â¢t deserve the right to be married. People are going to debate on whether gay marriage is ââ¬Å"right or wrongâ⬠, thatââ¬â¢s just the way it is. For most of it Christian groups have been the ââ¬Å"chief of stateâ⬠when it boils down to same-sex marriage. Growing up in a Christian faith home we were taught that God loves everyone. So answer this question, ââ¬Å"Does that circle of people not include gays or lesbians?â⬠The Constitution gives our rights thanks to the founding fathers of our country. 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Bridggette Hambrick: Homosexuality And Racism. 10. Bridggette3544 Words à |à 15 PagesBridggette Hambrick HR5013-110 January 27, 2017 OU Advanced Programs Abstract In this paper I am discussing the racial and prejudice issues of homosexuals. In the present day, homosexuals are being accepted in a better light than thirty years ago. Although, there are still racial slurs, non-acceptance issues, and violence that the homosexual communities are dealing with on a daily basis. In this paper I am discussing Lena. She is a lesbian trying to feel approval of the social world, and herRead MoreSummary Of Angels Of America By Ifeanyi Dike Jr. Essay2068 Words à |à 9 PagesAn Analysis Paper ââ¬â Angels in America by Ifeanyi Dike Jr 1. World/Dramatic Universe a. In Tony Kushnerââ¬â¢s Angels in America, Itââ¬â¢s 1985 Brooklyn, New York ââ¬â 15 years before the new Millennium. Itââ¬â¢s fall ââ¬â warm and cold at once. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is emerging, yet quickly raging causing mass hysteria, fear and confusion amidst the gay community. Ronald Regan is the president of the United States and is suppressing the AIDS research by quite simply, ignoring it. Each character in this play is eitherRead MoreThe Morality of Homosexuality4311 Words à |à 18 Pagessome nations and states it is illegal, and often it is considered immoral. The Bible, especially the New Testament, is firmly opposed to it, a fact that concerns people who adhere to the Bible, but it need not be a concern for those who do not. This paper is geared towards discovering the etymology/historical origin of homosexuality, types/stages of development, its effects on individuals and in fact arguments against and arguments for a homosexual alternative. At the end of this essay, I shall takeRead MoreEssay on Comparison of George Herbert Mead and Sigmund Freud3378 Words à |à 14 Pages The superego will be in conflict with the id. Unlike the ego, which attempts to postpone id satisfaction to more appropriate times and places, the superego will attempt to inhibit id satisfaction completely (Schultz and Schultz, 2008). Next this paper will discuss the early life of George Herbert Mead and his contributions on the subject of the self in society from a sociological perspective. The Work of George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) George Herbert Mead a sociologist associated with the symbolicRead MoreMy Life Of The Age Of Thirty Three2250 Words à |à 9 PagesSprings, Mexico, New Orleans, Las Vegas, and Chicago. I feel guilty or embarrassed by what surely sounds like gloating about our financial capacities, but Iââ¬â¢m more so just really proud of where we are and how far weââ¬â¢ve come in almost ten years of marriage. However, we didnââ¬â¢t get here alone. Several factors have impacted our current socio-economic status and allowed us this comfortable lifestyle: our parents, careers, and practicality. First and foremost, weââ¬â¢re middle class citizens because our parentsRead MoreComparison of the Works of Smith and Morales2590 Words à |à 10 Pagesinterpretation and the recognition of the main theme becomes fairly obvious. For this paper, we would be considering two works of Literature, one is What its like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith and the second one being the Child of the Americas by Aurora Levins Morales. Both of these poems take up the topic of racism and how it is to belong to an American society labeled as one race or the other. The paper would also see if and how the same subject of racism has been approached by the twoRead MoreRichard Nixon Was The Last Liberal Era2168 Words à |à 9 Pagesof the federal government. The improprieties of Nixonââ¬â¢s presidency and the stagflation that took hold at the end of his term influenced the mood of the American people. This fundamental shift away from liberalism and towards conservatism is most reflective in the the presidents that succeeded Nixon. In addition, Nixonââ¬â¢s presidency makes it difficult, to define presidents as either liberal or conservative in the context of the twentieth century because their policies are so varied and often reflect Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-53572276196825408512019-12-27T23:45:00.001-08:002019-12-27T23:45:03.970-08:00Performance of Goldman Sachs and Financial Ratio Analysis - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1871 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Conventionally the Bank performance is evaluated by analysis of the financial ratios. However, despite of quite a few number of ratios being calculated, a sculpt that completely convinces the analysis of requirements and bank operations efficiency evaluation is yet to be developed. Hence for these reason, the financial ratio analysis is balance with unlike eminence evaluations, with characteristics such as organization quality, equity structure, spirited position and others which are incorporated in the concluding assessment. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Performance of Goldman Sachs and Financial Ratio Analysis" essay for you Create order In this piece of work we are going to evaluate overall performance of Goldman Sachs and critically analyse how financial ratios are used to evaluate banks performance. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a American investment banking and securities organisation which slot in global investment banking, securities, investment management, and erstwhile financial services principally with institutional clients. Goldman Sachs was founded in the year 1869 and its headquarter is at 200 West Street in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City. It has additional offices in major international financial hubs. The Goldman Sachs offers mergers and acquisitions advice, underwriting services, asset management, and prime brokerage to its clientele, which include corporations, governments and individuals. The Goldman Sachs also engages in proprietary trading and private equity deals, and is a primary dealer in the United States Treasury security market (Goldman Sachs Website). Bank Internal Performance Evaluation Strategic planning Goldman Sachs ability to address and tap into important economic and financial trends through roles such as advisor, financier, market maker and asset manager are critical for fulfilling their mission to help spur growth and perform strongly as a firm. Technology Technology is a core part of GS product offering and client experience. GS ability to respond quickly and effectively to address its clients needs with customized systems, products and services helps differentiate the firm. A technological advantage for GS is that they have only one central risk system, which is partially a byproduct of not having done multiple, major acquisitions that often require merging and retrofitting platforms. Personnel development The success of the GSs efforts are measured by how effectively their people act. Over time, effective training and development have enrich their corporate culture and strengthen the values of client service and focus on reputational risk management. Recognition includes compensation, promotion, assignments and mobility opportunities. They have made it clear the link between the behaviour expected of its people and the recognition used to encourage it. This is critically important because it signals broadly the way GS expects its people to behave and conduct business (Goldman Sachs Annual report 2010). Bank External Performance Evaluation Market share GS has frequently performed above the market despite worsening economic conditions. Since the 2008, the company has outpaced the market enough to draw public admiration. With strong profits and expected strong returns, the company has set aside $500M to invest in small businesses. These efforts are a combination to both improve the economy and their public image. Regulatory compliance The Dodd-Frank legislation and new capital and liquidity requirements under Basel 3 are two of the more significant outcomes from the recent focus on enhancing financial stability. Given regulatory implementation is only just beginning, and unclear on how the new rules will ultimately impact the industry. The broad contours of new regulation, however, are clear: improve the safety and soundness of the global financial system, increase the transparency of derivatives markets, limit certain investing activities and reduce the consequences of a failure of a large financial institution. Public confidence Goldman Sachs announced in May 2010 that it formed a Business Standards Committee to reshape its business practices and mend its reputation. Chief Executive Lloyd Blankfein said at the time that there is a disconnect between how we view the firm and how the broader public perceives our roles and activities. GSs shareholders, BoDs, clients and customers have supported Mr. Blankfein through all the crisis and this shows their faith in bank (Goldman Sachs Annual report 2010). 4.0 Analyzing Bank Performance with Profit Ratios Goldman Sachs financial performance was better in 2009Ãâà than 2010 and Q4 2009 was the best quarter since the recession. 4.1 ROE Return on equity (ROE= net income after taxes/total equity) reveal GS capability to produce profits from shareholders equity (further referred as net assets or assets minus liabilities). In other words, ROE shows how effectively a company uses the shareholders money. As seen in graphical representation above, it is clear that Goldman Sachs is tendering a lower return on shareholders equity as compared to year ended in2009. The ROE of GS for the last year was 18.93% as compared to 10.08% this year. There has a been a significant decrease in the ROE which suggests GS is not utilising shareholders money properly. GS return on equity has declined substantially due to deleverage and is only marginally higher than its current cost of capital. 4.2 ROA Return on assets (ROA = net income after taxes/total assets) is how resourcefully a firm uses its assets. From the formula it is quite obvious that higher the ratio, the company is performing more efficiently and thus is generating more profits. A low ROA with enormous assets designate that the firm is handling its asset at a poor rate. As seen in graphical representation above, it is seen that Goldman Sachs has provided a lower ROA of 0.91% this year over 1.58% last year. There is one key differentiation between ROE and ROA and it is debt. In absence of debt, the shareholders equity is same as total assets of the firm which means that in this case, ROE and ROA are identical. Now if the firm come to a decision to take a loan, ROE exceeds ROA. A elevated ROE does not always guarantee a extraordinary performance of a firm. Incidentally, ROA is then a healthier pointer of the financial performance of a firm. With a high ROA and manageable debt, if ROE is also high it means th at the company is generating decent profits using shareholders money. But if ROA is low and there is huge debt carried by the company, even a high ROE can only be a misleading figure. 4.3 Net Interest Margin 4.4 Leverage ratio Debt to Equity Ratio 4.5 Decomposition of ROE DuPont Analysis As revealed in Appendix B, The ROE of a bank is dependent on a various factors and thus change in any one of these factor can affect the rate of return on shareholders equity of the bank. As Net Income is the main source to calculate ROE in conjunction with the shareholders equity in the bank, every alteration in the Income and Expense of the bank openly affects the net income and thus influence the ROE of a bank. The detailed DuPont analysis of Goldman Sachs for year 2010 is presented in Appendix B. The ROE is decomposed as follows wrt dupont identity. Now assuming that changes are made in Income or Expense levels of the Goldman Sachs, its effect will be seen on ROA and ROE. Let us consider a case where the Interest Expense for Goldman Sachs goes down by 10% and there are no changes in its Interest Income, following are the effects on ROA and ROE of the bank. Scenario 1 : -5% change in interest expense Change Values after change Interest Expense -10% 6125.4 Interest Income 0% 12309 Effect on NI 6680.6 39841.6 Effect on ROA +0.07% 0.99% Effect on ROE +0.88% 11.68% A few other situations with amendment in Total Non-interest Income and expenses and their outcome on the ROA ROE of bank are given away in the chart below. Scenario 2 : -5% change in non-interest expense Change Values after change Total Non-interest Income -5% 31975.1 Effect on NI -1682.9 37478.1 Effect on ROA -0.19% 0.73% Effect on ROE -1.46% 8.62% Scenario 3 : +10% change in non-interest expense Ãâ Change Values after change Total Non-interest Expenses 10% 27962 Effect on NI -2542 3160 Effect on ROA -0.31% 0.27% Effect on ROE -4.44% 3.78% Ãâ Ãâ Ãâ Bank Performance Evaluation Based on Economic Profit 5.1 Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) In risk- adjusted return on capital the capital is allocated for two vital motives: (1) risk management and (2) performance evaluation. In support of risk-management rationale, the banks most favourable capital structure can be establish by allocation of capital to individual business units. This course of action entails assessing the amount of the risk (volatility) each business unit chip in to the total risk of the bank and hence to its overall capital requirements. Now, for performance-evaluation function, RAROC structure allocate capital to business units as part of a procedure for shaping the risk-adjusted rate of return and, eventually, the economic value added of each business unit. The EVA of every and each business unit is its adjusted net income minus the amount of equity capital allocated to the unit times the required return on equity. The purpose is to compute a business units input to shareholder value and so to provide a source for effective capital budgeting a nd incentive compensation at the business-unit level. RAROC is calculated by dividing risk-adjusted net income by the total amount of economic capital assigned which is dependent on the risk calculation. Risk-adjusted net income is calculated by taking the financial data allotment to the bank and fine-tuning the income statement for expected loss. A further modification is also required to take into account the effects on the net interest margin because the attention is moved from book profitability to economic profitability. Thus RAROC = Risk adjusted income / Allocated Capital RAROC for 2010 of Goldman Sachs therefore comes to 2.24 %. Let us consider some scenarios where the risk adjusted income for Goldman Sachs are changed by {-2%, +2%, -5% +5%}, The effect on its RAROC is represented as below. Change in Risk Adjusted Income 2 % + 2 % 5 % Effect on RAROC 2.20 % 2.29 % 2.13 % Economic Value Added (EVA) EVA (Economic Valued Added) is a present day financial dimension instrument which concludes whether a business is earning greater than its true cost of capital. EVA stands out apart from ROA ROE which are most accepted measures of bank performance. This is because it includes cost of equity capital employed. On the other hand, net banking income and the efficiency ratio, also, do not consider the cost of equity capital employed. Therefore, these ratios possibly will propose a banks performance as healthy but in fact it could be deteriorating its value to its shareholders. EVA is essentially a tool that focuses on maximizing shareholder wealth. EVA = Adjusted earnings Opportunity cost of capital {Net operating Profit after Taxes} {Cost of Equity X Equity Capital } With an aim of creating values, the return on invested capital (ROIC) for a bank must be greater than cost of capital. So, the EVA can be possibly increased in quite a few ways, by: 1) Increasing Net operating Profit after Taxes; 2) Lowering the Cost of Equity and 3) Reducing Equity Capital Conclusion Year on year Goldman Sachs revenues have descended by 11.04% from $51.67bn to $45.97bn. This along with an increase in the cost of goods sold expense has contributed to a reduction in net income from $13.39bn to $8.35bn, a 37.59% decrease. In 2010, Goldman Sachs did not generate a significant amount of cash. Cash Flow from Financing totalled $7.84bn or 17.05% of revenues. In addition the company used 6.16bn for operations while cash used for investing totalled $185m. Goldman results were also dragged down by a $465 million one-time expense to cover a U.K. payroll tax and a $550 million outlay to settleÃâà SECÃâà charges that it favoured certain clients over others. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-12972643761221406252019-12-19T19:33:00.001-08:002019-12-19T19:33:03.132-08:00Essay on The Constitution and the U.S. Government Introduction After the Constitutional Convention in 1787, the United States Government was reorganized under the Constitution. This gave the federal government far more power than did the Articles of Confederation, which invested power within the states. Basically, the Constitution created three branches of government (Executive, Judicial, and Legislative) which would work together to run the government. To make sure that there was an equal balance of power among the branches, a system of checks and balances was devised so that each branch could limit the power of the others. It is important to note that the doctrine of separation of powers is not established by any constitutional provision [but] rather it emerges from he framersâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Rise of the Supreme Court and the federal government Established in 1789, the Supreme Court was created to interpret the meaning of the Constitution and to use that interpretation to declare any actions of the Legislative or Exe cutive Branches unconstitutional. However, the Supreme Court was capable of also acquiring more functions as evidence of the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803). The case dealt with President John Adams appointing sixteen new circuit court justices for the District of Colombia. Adams appointed these justices so that his political party would have more justices than the rival party. Problematically, the appointment letters were not delivered by the end of his term. By that basis, President Thomas Jefferson annulled the appointments because he retained the right to appoint the justices during his time of jurisdiction. Consequently, this aggravated the appointed justice and therefore one of the justices named William Marbury filed a case in the Supreme Court over the commissions that they were promised (Goldstone). The Court ruled that Marbury did have a right to commission and also with it made a statement that enacted the doctrine of Judicial Review. This meant that the court had the right to review, and possibly nullify, laws and governmental acts that violate the constitution. Judicial Review is a means of assuring that politicians and various other leaders adhere to the constitution and do not use powers granted to them byShow MoreRelatedU.s. Constitution And Government Policies1258 Words à |à 6 Pagesviewpoints on government and politics, including conflicting viewpoints on key issues like immigration, war, and education. At the end of the day, even though the American people give power to what president will run our country, this can still result in the people becoming livid at the Presidentââ¬â¢s use of that given power. In the case of President Obama, who was elected back in 2008 and 2012, during his time in office he has utilized the powers given to him by the U.S. Constitution, including militaryRead MoreA Traditional U.S. Government During the Formation of the Constitution1981 Words à |à 8 PagesAmerican tradition of representative go vernment. Is representative government as strong as it was when the Constitution was formed? The idea of representative government is deeply rooted in Americas history and tradition. It began as far back as the voyage of the Mayflower. The spirit of freedom, self-reliance, the common law, and an understanding of representation, were brought by the settlers from their home. Though many of our ideas about representative government developed from the English modelRead MoreThe U.s. Constitution s National Government And Fundamental Laws1251 Words à |à 6 Pages The U.S. Constitution was created to establish America s national government and fundamental laws in order to guarantee the citizen s rights. It was signed on September 17, 1787 at the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia. Before the Constitution was written, the Articles of Confederation is what America was governed by. Under the Articles of Confederation, the nation was weak and the states were run like they were independent countries. At the Philadelphia Convention, delegates formulatedRead MoreTheu.s. And Texas Constitutions Essay1005 Words à |à 5 Pagesmany changes to state government since receiving their independence from Mexico. The state has been governed by six different constitutions. The most recent was written during the Constitutional Convention of 1875, and adopted February 15, 1876 by popular vote. This constitution contains sixteen articles, and four hundred eighty-three amendments. Throughout thus essay, the role of the state constitution will be examined along with a comparison of the U.S. and Texas Constitutions, and rationale for aRead MoreThe United States Constitution And Texas Constitution908 Words à |à 4 PagesThe United States Constitution and Texas Constitution are similar, but not indistinguishable. The constitution was made to prevent tyranny in the states from the idea of the Federalists who wanted to build a strong form of government that gave people rights without giving their representatives too much power. Additionally, both constitutions form a bi cameral form of government, a House of Representatives, and a Senate. The Federalists wanted a strong central government to help the economic and socialRead MoreU.S. Constitution vs. Jamaican Constitution1444 Words à |à 6 PagesUpon initial consideration, one would presume that the United States Constitution and the Constitution of Jamaica would not be similar at all. After all, the United States Constitution was ratified in 1787, whereas the Jamaican Constitution was not ratified until 1962, the year Jamaica gained its independence. At first glance, Jamaicas constitution appears to be most similar to that of England, because they both establish a parliament and share the same chief of state (Queen Elizabeth II). TheseRead MoreThe Resolved Issue Of The Constitution Essay1457 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe Constitution. Over the duration of conducting research the overlay of the essay will be describing the major benefit of the U.S Constitution. While several issues have been unresolved by the U.S Constitution such as the issues of the Articles of Confederation. The entire focus of the essay will describe the resolved issue that have been corrected in the constitution, while also describing some of the historical events that were caused the U.S constitution to change. The U.S constitution helpedRead MoreU.s. Constitution Vs. Georgia Constitution859 Words à |à 4 PagesU.S. Constitution vs. Georgia Constitution Bill of Rights A Bill of Rights recognizes and lists the rights individuals have and protects those rights from governmental interference, unless of course there is a valid reason for government action to take place. While the Bill of Rights for the Georgia Constitution and the United States Constitution do just that, they do have some distinctive similarities and differences. For example, the major difference I see is the fact that the Georgia Bill ofRead MoreWhy the ratification of the constitution was a good thing1595 Words à |à 5 Pages Why the ratification of the constitution was a good thing The Constitution of the United States is one of the first written constitutions and one of the ââ¬Ëoldestââ¬â¢ to have been made on the national level and applicable today. It was developed and adopted by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in May and September, 1787. The Constitution of 1787 followed the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The U.S. Declaration of Independence, asRead MoreComparison Paper GOVT200679 Words à |à 3 Pagesï » ¿The U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the oldest documents in America and two of the most popular. These documents help to shape America and gave us freedom from the British government. The two documents contains very important information about our independence but they are different in many ways. In this paper I will compare the two documents and incorporate an outlook from the Christian biblical worldview. The U.S Constitution and the Declaration of Independence Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-91566802306095462442019-12-11T16:15:00.001-08:002019-12-11T16:15:03.899-08:00Women Athletes vs Men Athletes free essay sample Should the amount of money an organization brings in effect the amount they play their players, regardless of the sex? Dont know? Well, here is some more information: This website below shows the salary for a male athlete compared to a female in the same sport. According to the Womenââ¬â¢s Sports Foundation, the average NBA salary rose to $3. 17 million per player in the 1999-2000 season, while the average WNBA salary was about $55,000 (askmen. com). So what about now? Well, The salary cap for the 2010ââ¬â2011 NBA season is $58,044,000. The WNBAs salary cap is $852,000 per team for the 2010/2011 season and the average player makes $42,000. Kobe Bryants salary for the 2009/2010 season is $23,034,375. There is a huge difference in salary wouldnt you say? And this is just basketball. There is also tennis, golf, and even bowling. All of which women get paid less. Ok, so its pretty obvious that man get paid A LOT more than women when it comes to sports. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Athletes vs Men Athletes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, is there a good reason for it? Or is it sexist? Here are some of the reasons you see a salary difference: Attendance: far less people attend womens sports compared to mens. When Seattle had a team (The Supersonics) attendance was twice as high as the Seattle Storms. If twice as many people are filling the stands of the NBA versus the WNBA then its no wonder they are bringing in less revenue. But its not just the amount of fans in the stands, its also a matter of ticket prices. The average attendance for a WNBA game is 8,000 people and the average ticket cost is around fifteen dollars. Thats about $120,000 per game. Averaging out to a little over $4,000,000 a season. However, half of the WNBAs games are away games so they really only see about $2,000,000 a year in ticket sales. How does that compare to the NBA? The average ticket cost of an NBA game is around $50 (a lot more than the WNBA) and average attendance for the 2009-2010 season was around 16,000. Double that of the WNBA. So thats $800,000 on average per game. Times that by the 41 home games they play in the regular season and we come to $32,800,000 of yearly ticket sales per team. That is over 16 times the amount the WNBA brings in. And that is just ticket sales. Far more NBA games are televised compared with the WNBA. Bringing in even more money. The average NBA team brings in about $15,000,000 in pure revenue, that means after all expenses (such as salary, taxes, promotions, etc). The WNBA doesnt even turn a profit. How do they stay afloat? The NBA subsidizes the WNBA to the tune of about $12 million per year. So I ask you again: do these women deserve equal pay? If they cant even turn a profit and need to be supported by their male conterparts, than how can they expect equal pay? Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-82790835567246424222019-12-04T03:58:00.001-08:002019-12-04T03:58:03.537-08:00Turkey, Media and Human Rights Introduction The study focuses on the freedom of the press in Turkey. Turkey is supposed to be one of the more liberal Muslim countries but events of the past few months on media crackdown do not reflect that.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Turkey, Media and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the issues this study explores relate to how the government recently shut down social media sites, namely Twitter and YouTube before the elections. The research also covers media censorship and highlights any laws related to the freedom of the press in Turkey. Today, the media industry in Turkey faces challenges related to press freedom, including indirect or direct government censorship, imprisonment of journalists, and laws that would allow prosecutions of journalists that criticize the governments. According to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Turkey has the highest number of im prisoned journalists in the world (more than China and Iran). At the same time, a judicial package was adopted in 2012, which addressed these challenges but they were not strong enough to allow and protect full press freedom. Evidence from available studies indicates that Turkeyââ¬â¢s press freedom has been deteriorating over the years and has dropped in the ranking of organizations such as Reporters Without Borders by fifty places. Other organizations such as Freedom House have categorized Turkey as partly free and the 2012 European Commission Progress Report for Turkey (EU membership annual report) categorized press freedom as one of their main concerns. In addition, research shows that 68 percent of the imprisoned journalistââ¬â¢s cases were related to the Kurdish Issue. Many of the journalists were charged under laws that were unrelated to media and the press like anti-terror laws and organized crime laws. There are also issues of court-ordered suspension of online sites a nd conflicts of interest due to media ownership.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Possible Cause of the Increased Media Crackdown in Turkey In the year 2010, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Human Rights Investigation Commission issued a report on its outcomes concerning the allegation that some of the news reports by Turkish Media had violated the presumption of innocence (Ãâ¡ataklar). The outcomes of this Commission were devastating to the Turkish Media. For instance, it criticized the media and their reporting methods. The Commission accused the media of striving to be the first power rather than the fourth power. This was a source of concern for the Turkish government and society. The report noted that media continuously reported ââ¬Å"fabricated news, violation of the right to respect for private life and the infringement of the presumption of innocen ceâ⬠(Ãâ¡ataklar). According the report, ââ¬Å"press freedom, freedom of opinion and expression and presumption of innocence should be exercised within the articles of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, Turkish Supreme Court decisions and judgments of the European Court of Human Rightsâ⬠. In this regard, the Commission summed up their concerns and suggested possible solutions to these problems. In its recommendations, the Commission claimed that it included ââ¬Å"opinions of the media members and academicsâ⬠. The content of this report could have sparked the outrageous government crackdown on the media and journalists. Some of the Common Challenges to Journalists in Turkey According to Freedom House, Turkeyââ¬â¢s civil liberties rating has deteriorated from three to four. This has resulted from the ongoing pretrial detention of many people, including ââ¬Å"Kurdish activists, journalists, union leaders, students, and military officers with charges that appear to be politically motivatedâ⬠. This new rating suggests that Turkey is not only dangerous to journalists alone, but also other groups of citizens too. Many publications, including an article by The Economist have highlighted that Turkey remains the most dangerous country for journalists (A dangerous place to be a journalist 1) because many journalists facing charges have covered news that the government considers sensitive and dangerous to national security. For example, some journalists have covered issues related to police complicity in the murder of Hrant Dink, a journalist and the influence of the Gulenists within the security forces (A dangerous place to be a journalist).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Turkey, Media and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most important point one should consider is the impact of detention of journalists on journalism, press freedom and f ree speech and expression. This is a step backward in the gains made in the media freedom and human rights. Turkish media are under pressure to be subservient and deferential to interests of the government yet no media should play such a role. Thus, the case of Turkish media highlights vulnerability of journalists. In any society, journalists have the right to gather information and deliver the same to the public. These are core roles and principles, which guide journalism and its integrity as a profession. Many organizations and the US have expressed their concerns about the state of media freedom in Turkey. In addition, Turks have also protested against the governmentââ¬â¢s actions. At the same time, several reports by various organizations with different mandates have documented the state of media freedom in Turkey. They have noted that the major challenges relate to ââ¬Å"government interference in media affairs, the structure of the media sector, firing or harassment of col umnists, growing practice of self-censorship, and prosecution, detention and imprisonment of journalists over criminal and terrorism-related chargesâ⬠(Onur). In addition, there are some other issues related to hate speech and the use of defamatory terms. Government Interference One major obstacle that many journalists and the media industry encounter in Turkey is the escalating cases related to ââ¬Å"the governmentââ¬â¢s interference in media-related affairsâ⬠. In most cases, the Prime Minister and the ruling party, Justice and Development Party (AKP) have lashed out at differentâ⬠journalists, columnists and newspapers because of their decisive position on critical affairs in the countryâ⬠. The Turkish government has used different but direct techniques to restrict media freedom in the country. For instance, the government has publicly criticized and condemned journalists and columnists. They have asked the public to boycott newspapers and only buy them fro m pro-government media houses. In some instances, the government has forced many senior editors to eliminate some investigative pieces from their dailies or Web sites and exert pressure on media owners to dismiss some news commentators or columnists (Onur).Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Turkish government has claimed that negative media coverage of the government could have unprecedented, unwanted consequences for the economy because such news portrays the government in a negative manner and destroys the image of the ruling party. Self-censorship Various actions of the government have forced journalists and columnists into a state of self-censorship. At the same time, journalists also face direct pressure from the government. Therefore, one may notice that many prominent columnists and journalists in Turkey were fired or had their contracts terminated. Most journalists affected were mainly fierce critics of the government. The government has also resorted to filing libel lawsuits against some of the journalists. Yeni Akit is a pro-government newspaper. However, recent coverage of significant events by the media has led to serious concerns in the country and globally. For instance, the daily has accused other parties of financing terrorists while it has increasi ngly published hate speech and targeted ââ¬Å"Jews, Christians, Greeks, Armenians, Kurds, Alevis, the LGBT community and the governmentââ¬â¢s criticsâ⬠(Onur). The current state of the media market in Turkey has ââ¬Å"encouraged the government interference in the industryâ⬠. The Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) has noted that more than ââ¬Å"80 percent of the market is under the control of two pro-government media housesâ⬠. Onur claims that the inadequacy of the legal framework and regulations to support media cross-merger has hindered transparency in the industry. In addition, the law restricts participation in tender processes and diversified investments. Consequently, the media industry has become highly polarized and structured. In this context, media owners have sacrificed public interests of receiving news because of business interests as they assist ââ¬Å"the government in strengthening political power and fighting criticsâ⬠. T herefore, the Turkish media cannot act as a watchdog for the public. Prosecution, Imprisonment and Human Rights of Journalists Perhaps the most outrageous aspects of the governmentââ¬â¢s attempts to restrict press freedom in Turkey are by arresting, detaining and prosecuting journalists (Franklin). Many reports have noted that Turkey remains the most dangerous country for journalists. Currently, more than 100 journalists have been arrested and detained. A significant number of these journalists face charges related to being a part of terrorist groups, using propaganda to support terrorism or directly offering supports to terrorists (Bilefsky and Arsu). Many journalists have faced charges under specific, similar offenses. For instance, most cases relate to the infamous Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK) Case and the Ergenekon Case (Onur). The government has been able to exploit legal loopholes to carry out mass prosecution of journalists. The Anti-Terror Law and the Turkish Crimina l Code have provided such opportunities. In addition, several other journalists face trials for different offenses. A report by the Organization for Security Co-Operation in Europe (OSCE) has shown that one journalist had 150 different Court cases. The high number of journalists in prisons has negatively affected the media industry in Turkey. While Turkey has made significant reforms since the year 2000, serious challenges have persisted with regard to the freedom of speech and press freedom. The tendency of the Turkish government to interfere with press freedom has attracted the international attention, specifically when social media were blocked in the country. This is an alarming situation to journalists and media owners, including online media platforms. Both the government and media owners have focused on business and undermined the role of the media in a democratic society. In addition, the use of laws on terrorism and legal loopholes in the constitution has forced journalist s to practice self-censorship. Turkey had focused on building a democratic state that would lead others in the Gulf region and the Muslim community. However, the country may not be able to realize this vision because of its poor records on press freedom and freedom of expression and opinions. Turkey, therefore, has contradicted its objective of promoting press freedom and building a stable democracy. Turkeyââ¬â¢s Social Media Crackdown Human rights advocates in Turkey have a cause for concern ever since the government declared its strong stance against its critics, journalists and columnists (Eissenstat). According to Eissenstat of Amnesty International USA, in the past months, there has been ââ¬Å"a sharp decline in human rights conditions in Turkeyâ⬠. The author argued that the situation could only escalate toward the presidential election to be conducted in August. This has been the case since the country banned YouTube and Twitter sites. The governmentââ¬â¢s decision to censor the Internet resulted into widespread public protest in the country (Pierini and Mayr). The Internet has revolutionized information sharing. As a result, the Turkish authority has attempted to find various ways of regulating the Internet by focusing on religious, cultural and social issues. Onur has cited the OSCE report, which noted that, ââ¬Å"Turkey provides the broadest legal measures for blocking access to Web sites by specifying eleven different content-related crimes, but does not reveal the number of Web sites blockedâ⬠(Onur). According to the Freedom Houseââ¬â¢s ranking, Turkeyââ¬â¢s Internet is partly free while the European Commission refers to the censorship as disproportionate. At the same time, other prominent bodies have listed the ban as matters of concern. Reporters Without Borders had listed Turkey as an enemy of the Internet in its 2012 report. One must not dismiss the role of the Internet, Web contents and social media in providing informa tion to the public. Citizens understand the relevance and importance of news Web sites. Consumption of news on the online platforms has increased steadily with the increase in Internet accessibility through mobile devices. Many Turks, therefore, rely on the Internet to receive news updates. Online news has become an alternative to many people. Therefore, the governmentââ¬â¢s decision to shut down Twitter and YouTube in Turkey was impairment to the media industry with impacts on press freedom and freedom of opinion and expression. The Human Rights Watch has raised concerns that even after the Court order to restore Twitter access in Turkey, the social media platform has remained shut down (Human Rights Watch). Turkeyââ¬â¢s Telecommunications Authority (TIB) blocked Twitter after a Court ruling on certain contents. While the Court ordered the Telecommunications Communication Directorate to unblock the account, the agency is yet to comply with the Court ruling. This highlights im punity and disregard for the rule of law and press freedom. While users have relied on proxy sites to receive YouTube and Twitter contents, all these other proxy sites have also been blocked. As a result, many international bodies, including the UN have criticized Turkey for stifling press freedom (Human Rights Watch). The government has strived to look for new ways of empowering the Telecommunications Directorate to block social media sites and target specific contents as happened in February 2014. There were such previous attempts on Google sites in the year 2012 in which the European Court of Human Rights ruled in favor of the company. The Court claimed that blocking such sites violated the right to freedom of expression. Only a single post from an individual led the Turkish Court to order the blockage of Google sites, but the European Court of Human Rights established that Turkey lacked an effective and adequate legal framework to monitor social media platforms. The government o f Turkey has failed to honor such rulings from the European Court of Human Rights. Instead, the country has concentrated on introducing new ways of restricting access to news Web sites. A rights discourse, communication rights, human rights and media The Organization for Security Co-Operation in Europe has clearly stated that by blocking access to social media platforms, Turkey deliberately disregards the fundamental right to freedom of expression and freedom of the media (Organization for Security Co-Operation in Europe). This is a violation of human rights. Any regulator that blocks media and inhibits the free flow of news and press freedom on both online and offline platforms also breaches several OSCE standards and international conventions it has sworn to protect. In addition, Amnesty International has reported that the government has started to arrest human rights lawyers with 15 of them currently in detention (Amnesty International). According to the Committee to Protect Jo urnalists (CPJ), certain Turkeyââ¬â¢s pro-government media have released disturbing reports with false claims against it (Committee to Protect Journalists). On this regard, CPJ has realized that the Turkish government has embarked on a strategy of attacking its fierce critics rather than addressing issues of press freedom, communication rights and human rights. The fundamental sources of concerns are ââ¬Å"communication rights and freedom of opinion and expression and human rightsâ⬠. On this note, CPJ has written a letter to Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoßan, which details its ââ¬Å"profound concerns about Turkeyââ¬â¢s anti-press policies, including the jailing of journalists, the censorship of social media, and adoption of restrictive legislationâ⬠(Committee to Protect Journalists). CPJ noted in its latest prison census that Turkey had held 40 journalists in prison. This number made Turkey to be the worldââ¬â¢s leading country with the highest number of j ournalists in prison. It has also attracted widespread condemnation of the government (Burch). However, the government released nearly half of the journalists and the number reduced to 21. Iran and China also have a significant number of journalists behind bars (Committee to Protect Journalists). Most observers have claimed that Turkeyââ¬â¢s crackdown on the media, journalists and press freedom had reached a point of crisis because it has the highest number of jailed journalists and restrictive media laws. The Turkish government has embarked on constant introduction of new laws, legal prosecution, widespread intimidation of columnists, media owners and columnists and broad offensive to stifle meaningful journalism and communication rights in the country. According to CPJ report, there are certain articles in the penal code, which give ââ¬Å"authorities wide berth to use journalistsââ¬â¢ professional work to link them to banned political movements or alleged plotsâ⬠(Comm ittee to Protect Journalists). On the same note, Greenslade has noted that the government uses some articles frequently to ââ¬Å"criminalize basic newsgathering activities, such as talking to security officials or obtaining documentsâ⬠(Greenslade). In most cases, Turkey has related ââ¬Å"journalism with terrorismâ⬠. This is an accepted practice in a democratic state and therefore it undermines the fight against terrorism and the countryââ¬â¢s security issues. Most rights discourses have called upon the Prime Minister to stop attacks on the press and instead concentrate on developing a fair process for the detained journalists (Global Network Initiative). At the same time, he should pursue reforms to ensure press freedom and freedom of opinion and expression. Given the flawed nature of laws of communication in Turkey, Reporters Without Borders has noted that the Turkish judicial system often conducts political case analyses rather legal and judicial ones (Reporters Wi thout Borders). For example, if journalists present critical views on the Kurdish issue, ââ¬Å"prosecutors and judges tend to conclude that they therefore share the views of the Kurdistan Workers Party and must be guilty of membership of this armed separatist organizationâ⬠(Reporters Without Borders). Consequently, several organizations have urged the Turkish judicial system to respect the international conventions in which Turkey is a party. Such conventions clearly define freedom of expression, which may only be restricted in cases of hate messages or violence, but this is not the case in Turkey. On the same note, OSCE and the Council of Europe have asked Turkey to stop relying on jail as a means of restricting press freedom. Today, many organizations and advocates have called for the release of jailed journalists in Turkey. Specifically, these bodies have focused on journalists who have been jailed because of their newsgathering roles. It is imperative for the government t o address press freedom and allow journalists to do their duties. This process, however, requires inputs from all stakeholders so that they can find and implement long-lasting solutions. Human rights activists such as Zafer ÃÅ"skà ¼l have asserted that any obstacles that prevent the public from gaining access to news are clear human rights violations (Bozkurt). Press freedom allows the public to access news and any attempts to challenge such rights indicate serious problems. On this note, Bozkurt noted that political leaders have the responsibility of defending and protecting free media. Media Policy and Press Freedom After the economic crisis of 2001, Turkey embarked on media freedom reforms, which included media ownership restructuring (Kurban and Sà ¶zeri 52). The crisis affected many media companies that had invested in the financial sector too. As a result, the need to secure business tenders led to ââ¬Å"social manipulation to voluntary censorship in the whole sectorâ⬠(Kurban and Sà ¶zeri 52). As a result, todayââ¬â¢s media industry in Turkey is grappling with pressure from ââ¬Å"the government and its agencies, as well as challenges from its own capital structures and poor ideological choicesâ⬠(Kurban and Sà ¶zeri 52). The situation has become unbearable because these changes have affected democratic processes in Turkey negatively. Moreover, press freedom, freedom of expression and media laws are foreign to the country. This implies that Turkish government and its agencies may not be conversant with effective media policies, which require inclusion and transparency in a democratic state (Ziomek 67; Plaisance 187). Turkey should create democratic, independent media. The media can then act as civilian supervisors on bureaucratic and politic processes and ensure protection of public interests. This process, however, requires significant changes in the legal framework of Turkey and media training (Young 38). At the same time, there sho uld be changes in the media ownership structure and implement laws that facilitate competition in the industry. Media Ethics in Turkey The development in the global information society provides an imperative opportunity of enhancing equal and sustainable development in media ethics, specifically in countries with poor press freedom and human rights. In this context, Jorgensen has observed that the revolution in information and communication technology should focus on ways in which the information society can either advance human rights around the world or threaten them (Jorgensen 34). In the case of Turkey, one can only observe how social media platforms have threatened human rights. A report by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Human Rights Investigation Commission 2010 established serious allegations against the Turkish media. For instance, there were cases of ââ¬Å"fabricated news, violation of the right to respect for private life and the infringement of the presumption of innocenceâ⬠(Ãâ¡ataklar). At the same time, Kurban and Sà ¶zeri found that the ââ¬Å"tabloidization of news and violations of professional rules of ethics through inconsistent and even fictitious news in the Turkish media were the outcomes of ââ¬Ëthe industryââ¬â¢s fierce competition in the rating warâ⬠(52). These findings from various studies and investigations show that the Turkish media industry lacks professionalism and media ethics. The industry operates in a highly polarized environment occasioned by political divisions that have affected various media and journalistsââ¬â¢ groups. These challenges have prevented any meaningful collaboration and efforts to promote self-regulation. While Turkey has the Press Council to oversee media operations, its independence and inputs in the industry remain highly contested. Media owners are a member of the Council, but they have claimed that state interference and differences in ideologies have affected its operatio ns. As a result, the Press Council represents few media owners and lacks a significant support from the media community. The Press Council of Turkey can no longer provide fair representation for media owners because it has remained controversial just like its current leadership. Social media and technologies have provided new opportunities for Turks to gain access to ââ¬Å"alternative news information beyond what the traditional mainstream media could offerâ⬠(Kurban and Sà ¶zeri 52). The Independent Communication Network is a body established in 1997 and strives to monitor the media and ensure freedom and independent journalism in the country. The Network has strived to establish professionalism in journalism in Turkey. It provides training, publishes books and organizes media conferences, forums and other exchange programs. This organization receives funds from various European agencies to promote media ethics in Turkey. Online media channels have however presented new form s of challenges to journalism and media ethics. For instance, there are cases of ââ¬Å"copy-pasteââ¬â¢ news from the mainstream media outlets or other new agenciesâ⬠(Kurban and Sà ¶zeri 52). The Turkish government has attempted to introduce some draconian laws to control online media. For instance, it intended to introduce new regulations for online media and provide specific identification cards to online journalists (Kurban and Sà ¶zeri 52). This approach has raised serious press freedom issues in a country that is aggressive toward journalists. In a response to this move, the Alternative Informatics Association launched ââ¬Å"the Internet needs freedom, not press cardsââ¬â¢ campaign to criticize the governmentââ¬â¢s initiative as an attempt of censorship and control of the mediaâ⬠(Kurban and Sà ¶zeri 52). In a quick turn of events, the Turkish government has referred to social media as platforms for crimes, violence, chaos and disorder (Human Rights Obse rvers). In most case, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has often accused social media of causing unrest and branding Twitter as a ââ¬Ëtroublemakerââ¬â¢, and accusing the online messaging service of spreading ââ¬Ëliesââ¬â¢. Further, he insisted that the Internet inflames the riots and defames government officials, which are both real and virtual crimes irrespective of the medium (Human Rights Observers). Such statements show that Turkey does not have any real legal framework for handling irresponsible journalism and relies on authoritative Press Laws to ban social media. In addition, the government is reluctant to formulate laws that will regulate online media channels. The press freedom crisis in Turkey from moral and ethical points of view One may look at the press freedom crisis in Turkey from moral and ethical points of view in order to identify differences. It is imperative to recognize that no form of governments irrespective of their leadership styles sh ould operate in secrecy. Individuals value their personal privacy and confidentiality. Nevertheless, journalists disclose information due to public interests, which is imperative for their integrity and professionalism. Only vigorous inquiry and transparency can provide liberty and democracy that many countries pursue, but the Turkish governmentââ¬â¢s approach to press freedom has created media crisis that raises moral and ethical concerns. The main role of journalism is to provide the public with the information they need to be free and self-governing. Information is power and journalism helps to distribute this power to the people. Perhaps this role has elicited fear in the Turkish government because ââ¬Å"shared power is safer and more beneficial to society than concentrated powerâ⬠(Ethics, Morals and Journalism). The role of journalism, therefore, is beneficial to society and powerful too, but requires ethical decision-making (Fawley). As noted earlier, journalists in Turkey have shown disregard for media ethics. They have abused their power by publishing fabricated news and failed to use their freedom responsibly to provide the truth to citizens. They are unable to balance responsibility and freedom and therefore lack ââ¬Å"personal sense of ethics and responsibilityââ¬âa moral compassâ⬠(Principles of Journalism). Moral growth emanates from community practices, but not conflict while ethics originates from individual choices and decisions and therefore, individuals can learn to be ethical (Ethics, Morals and Journalism). Societal morals originate from cultural practices, which form laws and means of control. Therefore, ethics and morals lead to a comparison between individuals and society. For journalists, common sense accounts in journalism as Glasser and Ettema (512) had noted. In this sense, journalists must be able to differentiate between right and wrong practices (Glasser and Ettema 515 ââ¬â 516). Assistant Secretary for Pub lic Affairs, Douglas Frantz has claimed that what Turkish government is doing to the media can be found in a Turkish proverb, which is ââ¬Å"you donââ¬â¢t burn the sheep to kill one fleaâ⬠(Frantz). The US government has raised concerns that Turkey is among many countries that have tried to shut the Internet despite reforms it gained since the year 2001. While Frantz recognizes that the number of jailed journalism has declined, still there is a need for freedom of expression and press freedom. He asserts that journalism is not a crime and the government should not confuse journalism with criminal activities. Specifically, the social media have raised concerns. The Turkish government has tried to ban the social media. Banning social media is a blunt approach, which ââ¬Å"punishes the technology not the individuals who are misusing the technologyâ⬠(Frantz). Hence, one can draw the difference between moral (society) and ethics (individual) based on the Turkish media cri sis. Elaine Scarry highlights these philosophical perspectives by showing that it is difficult for individuals to notice pain in others and therefore avoid aggravating the same pain (Scarry 39). Scarry has focused on violence and cruelty toward foreigners and this reflects actions of Turkish government on journalists. It shows that the Turkish government sees journalists as foreigners who are interfering with state affairs. The government has not fully understood media principles or recognized journalists. As a result, it can inflict pain on journalists through imprisonment and detention. If the government understood the principles of journalism, then it would not be able to ban social media and imprison journalists. In this regard, violence and cruelty against media houses and columnists result from the failure to recognize these entities and individuals as real. Scarry notes that ââ¬Å"the best solution to the problem of cruelty to strangers combines spontaneous imagining with le gal equality and enfranchisementâ⬠(Scarry 53). Therefore, political equality should facilitate social equality, press freedom and freedom of expression. Under such conditions, variations do not reflect inequality. The Turkish government aims to ensure conformity by stifling the media. Scarry notes that political equality encourages toleration, and ââ¬Å"to tolerate others is to make room for them in oneââ¬â¢s imaginingâ⬠(p. 55). Constitutional and legal framework changes in Turkey should improve imagination of citizens and press freedom and freedom of opinion to allow citizens to maintain social unity and solidarity. Nevertheless, Scarry points out that any changes in legal frameworks and structures cannot guarantee that strangers will receive ââ¬Å"a full measure of attention and adequate imaginingâ⬠(Scarry 40-62). In other words, these instruments cannot guarantee safety of journalists yet laws aim to provide standards for fair treatment for citizens and hold them accountable. Hence, structures of laws may fail but a structure of sentiment can achieve much (Scarry 58). Sentiments come from individuals and define ethics. Margalit notes that ethics should define individual ties with whom they have special relations with while morality should reflect societal obligations to humanity (147). From Margalitââ¬â¢s perspective, past events are critical and should help individuals to remember specific people whereas the community should have such collective memories. In this regard, it would be imperative to understand how Turks would remember the government that banned social media, jailed journalists and restricted press freedom and abused human rights. Turks have the obligation to remember their government because it has abused people, undermined human rights and morality altogether. Such memories should be used to alienate citizens from past cruel memories and reconcile them rather than seek for revenge (Margalit 149). Summary of the Findi ngs, Conclusion and Recommendations Summary of the Findings Turkeyââ¬â¢s attempts to restrict press freedom and freedom of expression and opinion have negative impacts on the state. At the same time, they do not help in the fight against terror. The Turkish government, therefore, must take initiatives and improve its record on Press Laws and human rights. Government interference with media affairs is rampant and serious. Perhaps the most serious case involves imprisonment of journalists under flimsy charges, including accusation of being a member of terrorism groups. Social media crackdown in Turkey is an attack on the entire technology industry. Instead, the government should concentrate on specific elements that it believes are responsible for chaos and disorder. Media owners and journalists in Turkey lack media ethics. They fabricate news and violate privacy and confidentiality. The focus on politics and business has led to poor ethics in journalism. By highlighting moral and ethics, one can draw a clear distinction between moral and ethical community. The Turkish government has treated journalists as foreigners and criminals. Conclusion The research has established that Turkeyââ¬â¢s strategies and efforts to restrict press freedom have resulted in poor rating for the country and therefore, the government must take corrective measures. Many institutions have released several reports, which show that press freedom, freedom of opinion and human rights are deteriorating in Turkey because of the arrested journalists. The governmentââ¬â¢s attempts to convince the public and the world have failed though the number of jailed journalists has declined. The concepts of press freedom, human rights and freedom of expression seem foreign to Turkey. It is not clear how the Turkish government intends to handle the issue of media crisis and improve the current situation because all its approaches have resulted in negative outcomes. The fight against terror should not lead to media restriction. A reliable judicial process should help the government to identify terror suspects among the arrested journalists. This process, however, requires judicial reforms because the current system has failed to achieve reliable outcomes. The government must allow civil societies, academics and media owners to participate in such reform processes. In addition, the Turkish government should accept external assistance to facilitate the required reforms. Turkey needs all these stakeholders to help it to create a stable democracy and promote peace within its borders. Such reforms will improve Turkeyââ¬â¢s ranking among the international community and promote its image and influence. At the same time, the media industry and journalists also should embark on reforms and training to understand media ethics. Currently, there are serious ethical and moral concerns among Turkish journalists because they are engaged in fabricating news. Common sense should guide jour nalists to decide on right or wrong practices and present the truth to the public. This is the fundamental role of the media in any country. Recommendations Press freedom is essential for a democratic society. Nevertheless, press freedom is not unlimited and therefore, journalists must use common sense and observe freedom and responsibility. This calls for moral and ethics in journalism. The presumption of innocence is fundamental right in the Turkish constitution. It is imperative for media owners, the government and the judicial system to cooperate on determining issues of ethical concerns. The legal framework and the Court system require reforms so that the judiciary should not treat journalistsââ¬â¢ cases as political ones. Information should be shared within the law. Media owners must consider changes in capital and ownership structures in the entire Turkish media industry. The current model is business driven and has created monopoly in the media industry. Moreover, the ind ustry has become pro-government. The media industry should not serve the interests of the government. Instead, it should represent all stakeholders in society. Judges and prosecutors need training on media and public relations. Likewise, journalists too require training programs on coverage of legal affairs. Turkey must formulate laws for the Internet and social media immediately. The government should desist from authoritative approaches when dealing with social media. So far, its actions have been detrimental and abusive. It is imperative to remember that media laws are almost similar irrespective of the platform used. Works Cited ââ¬Å"A dangerous place to be a journalist.â⬠The Economist. 10 Mar. 2011. Web. http://www.economist.com/node/18333123. Amnesty International. ââ¬Å"Turkey: Anti-terror arrests target prominent human rights lawyers.â⬠18 Jan. 2013. Web. http://www.amnesty.org/en/for- media/press-releases/turkey-anti-terror-arrests-target-prominent-human-right s- lawyers-2013-01-18. 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Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 2005. Print This research paper on Turkey, Media and Human Rights was written and submitted by user Enzo O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-84658281222382824442019-11-27T22:38:00.001-08:002019-11-27T22:38:05.098-08:00Death Of A Boy Essays - David, Ketuvim, Psalms, Death, Night Death Of A Boy The storm of the battle swept. Stars of heaven Kept. Upturned faces through the night. Mangled corpses in the light. Pale stars faded, morning broke. Then death awoke. Golden hours, bright summer day. The dead unburied bodies lay. Stark and cold unceased prayer. Hide them from the Staring sun and air. Possesion of that won plain. Denying burial of our slain. Night round them so holy, so calm. Moonbeams hushed prayer and psalm. Apart from all the rest, Fair young boy put to the test. Death touched him gently, as if he sleeps. Mother suddered, slumber calm and deep. Marble limbs so perfect, passionless repose. Matchless purity unpitying foes. Broken, Lifes story told. Did his duty, deaths-tide rolled. Midnight garment of stars. Hung the fiery planet Mars. Sound of foot steps, voices low. Leaves murmuring flow. They pass the corpses on the ground. Hand in hand never looking down. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-76382560008209664072019-11-24T06:13:00.001-08:002019-11-24T06:13:03.781-08:00About Uranium-Lead DatingAbout Uranium-Lead Dating Of all the isotopic dating methods in use today, the uranium-lead method is the oldest and, when done carefully, the most reliable. Unlike any other method, uranium-lead has a natural cross-check built into it that shows when nature has tampered with the evidence. Basics of Uranium-Lead Uranium comes in two common isotopes with atomic weights of 235 and 238 (well call them 235U and 238U). Both are unstable and radioactive, shedding nuclear particles in a cascade that doesnt stop until they become lead (Pb). The two cascades are different- 235U becomes 207Pb and 238U becomes 206Pb. What makes this fact useful is that they occur at different rates, as expressed in their half-lives (the time it takes for half the atoms to decay). The 235Uââ¬â207Pb cascade has a half-life of 704 million years and the 238Uââ¬â206Pb cascade is considerably slower, with a half-life of 4.47 billion years. So when a mineral grain forms (specifically, when it first cools below its trapping temperature), it effectively sets the uranium-lead clock to zero. Lead atoms created by uranium decay are trapped in the crystal and build up in concentration with time. If nothing disturbs the grain to release any of this radiogenic lead, dating it is straightforward in concept. In a 704-million-year-old rock, 235U is at its half-life and there will be an equal number of 235U and 207Pb atoms (the Pb/U ratio is 1). In a rock twice as old there will be one 235U atom left for every three 207Pb atoms (Pb/U 3), and so forth. With 238U the Pb/U ratio grows much more slowly with age, but the idea is the same. If you took rocks of all ages and plotted their two Pb/U ratios from their two isotope pairs against each other on a graph, the points would form a beautiful line called a concordia (see the example in the right column). Zircon in Uranium-Lead Dating The favorite mineral among U-Pb daters is zircon (ZrSiO4), for several good reasons. First, its chemical structure likes uranium and hates lead. Uranium easily substitutes for zirconium while lead is strongly excluded. This means the clock is truly set at zero when zircon forms. Second, zircon has a high trapping temperature of 900à °C. Its clock is not easily disturbed by geologic events- not erosion or consolidation into sedimentary rocks, not even moderate metamorphism. Third, zircon is widespread in igneous rocks as a primary mineral. This makes it especially valuable for dating these rocks, which have no fossils to indicate their age. Fourth, zircon is physically tough and easily separated from crushed rock samples because of its high density. Other minerals sometimes used for uranium-lead dating include monazite, titanite and two other zirconium minerals, baddeleyite and zirconolite. However, zircon is so overwhelming a favorite that geologists often just refer to zircon dating. But even the best geologic methods are imperfect. Dating a rock involves uranium-lead measurements on many zircons, then assessing the quality of the data. Some zircons are obviously disturbed and can be ignored, while other cases are harder to judge. In these cases, the concordia diagram is a valuable tool. Concordia and Discordia Consider the concordia: as zircons age, they move outward along the curve. But now imagine that some geologic event disturbs things to make the lead escape. That would take the zircons on a straight line back to zero on the concordia diagram. The straight line takes the zircons off the concordia. This is where data from many zircons is important. The disturbing event affects the zircons unequally, stripping all the lead from some, only part of it from others and leaving some untouched. The results from these zircons therefore plot along that straight line, establishing what is called a discordia. Now consider the discordia. If a 1500-million-year-old rock is disturbed to create a discordia, then is undisturbed for another billion years, the whole discordia line will migrate along the curve of the concordia, always pointing to the age of the disturbance. This means that zircon data can tell us not only when a rock formed, but also when significant events occurred during its life. The oldest zircon yet found dates from 4.4 billion years ago. With this background in the uranium-lead method, you may have a deeper appreciation of the research presented on the University of Wisconsins Earliest Piece of the Earth page, including the 2001 paper in Nature that announced the record-setting date. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-90837089342350431412019-11-21T06:45:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:45:04.031-08:00Literature review matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsLiterature review matrix - Essay Example à The researchers designed two phases for the study. In the first phase, participants were interviewed and their responses noted down while in the second phase, the researchers studied participants independently and noted their observations. à In the results, the researchers were able to identify some factors which influence the proper implementation of evidence based practices. They included organizational and practice issues, multi-professional relationships and the role of project leaders. à Some of the factors that were identified as influencing the process of implementing evidence based practices include number of years in the nursing practice, the age of the nurses and the number of years since obtaining the last professional degree. à Majid, S., Foo, S., Luyt, B., Zhang, X., Theng, Y. L., Chang, Y. K., & Mokhtar, I. A. (2011). Adopting evidence-based practice in clinical decision making: nurses perceptions, knowledge, and barriers. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 99(3), 229. à Rycroftâ⬠Malone, J., Harvey, G., Seers, K., Kitson, A., McCormack, B., & Titchen, A. (2004). An exploration of the factors that influence the implementation of evidence into practice. Journal of clinical nursing, 13(8), 913-924. à Dalheim, A., Harthug, S., Nilsen, R. M., & Nortvedt, M. W. (2012). Factors influencing the development of evidence-based practice among nurses: a self-report survey. BMC health services research, 12(1), 367. à Van Achterberg, T., Schoonhoven, L., & Grol, R. (2008). Nursing Implementation Science: How Evidenceâ⬠Based Nursing Requires Evidenceâ⬠Based Implementation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(4), Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-28667036194245945432019-11-20T07:28:00.001-08:002019-11-20T07:28:06.341-08:00Field of business and accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsField of business and accounting - Essay Example Even presently, I will not pay for any product that I consider unnecessary although those products are the popular items amongst youngsters. My friends always persuade me to buy an Ipod, but this item for me is considered an unnecessary purchase because I will not use it that often; I can play music whenever I want to, such as at home and in car. Gradually, I have developed an interest of trade and hence saving money. For me, learning is a process of attaining knowledge, value and skill; not only through study but also through working experience. As a result, when I started to see that I had an interest in the business field that was the time when I decided to work for my uncleââ¬â¢s company for a few months before I thought of pursuing my career in the United States. Although I worked asà the receptionist there, I learned that in order to accomplish a job, the same required diverse skills as well as knowledge from different individuals and more than that communication forms up as an important skill in the field of business nonetheless. In the year 2005, I started working in my fatherââ¬â¢s company as an accounting assistant. My job was to make a simple statement of different accounts, create wire and transfer money to those companies that we dealt with because I was one of the authorities in my fathers company. Other than that, I started to learn how to use information systems to track financial performance. Since working as an accountant assistant consumes a lot of time. Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-78308733707067895352019-11-17T21:16:00.001-08:002019-11-17T21:16:03.260-08:00US embassy safety after the 1998 US embassy bombings in Tanzania and EssayUS embassy safety after the 1998 US embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya - Essay Example The Foreign policies of countries are seen to generally be made up and designed in order to help protect that country's national interests, national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity.However it is common knowlegde that that can occur only and only in the result which would be of peaceful cooperation and interaction with other nations, and to the contrary through exploitation and ultimately War. One can easily assume that foreign policies are as old and ancient as the society of humans itself. The century known as the twenthieth century has seen a fast rise in the importance and the need of foreign policies, with every nation in the world now having the means, methods and ability of being able to interact with one another in some form. There fore it is vital that one keeps a close check on the bills and formal agreements that are passed between various countries. And the kind of effects that those bills and other agreements have on the relationship and over all view s and feelings of the people belonging to those countries.This should be done so that devestating attackes and other tragedies can be avoided based on the effects of certain agreements and bills. Some agrrements and decisions taken on the basis of foreign polivy often cause the economy of either one or both countries involved to go down this in turn takes down the level of employment and ultimatley effects the quality of life for general public. This causes hatred and anger in the hearts of the people towards the people of the othercoutry and drastic expression of such hatred takes the shape of suicide and mass destruction bombings. One take on a foreign policy move which effected relationships between countries can be seen through the implementation of the Trade and lifting of trade barriers, as trade amongst coutries is the number one means of interaction there fore it holds great importance in the formation of zforeign policies. The Bill in questin here is the implementation of NAFTA. The terms and conditions of NAFTA have long been the basis form shaping the relationships between the United States and its neighbouring countries. Some highlights of NAFTA are given below. Approved in November 1993 and brought into effect on 1 January 1994 NAFTA or the North American Free Trade Agreement a trilateral agreement holds Canada, Mexico and the United States as its members. Its approval will see a Drastic change in the economics of these three nations. NAFTA basically draws rules and guidelines between Mexico, Canada and the United States for the elimination of trade barriers regarding goods and originating from within North America. Barriers such as Health and safety standards, import taxes and import/export laws. NAFTA aims at gradually reducing these barriers to the extent of making them non-existent between the member nations. It called of majority of the tariffs and remove restrictions from major categories such as motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture. HISTORY AND ADDITIONS: Provisions regarding Investment restrictions between the three countries also saw removal and intellectual property safety saw new heights (patents, copy writes and trademarks). It being trilateral means that all stipulations equally applying on all members. Further more provisions regarding the protection of labor, workers and the environment were added later on to the agreement. This gave rise to the formation of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC). Founded on the basis of concerns from the environmentalists that companies would either relocate to Mexico or that the United States would lower its standards if all three countries Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4453404208996240956.post-64899299160953993342019-11-15T09:47:00.001-08:002019-11-15T09:47:05.467-08:00Richness And Density Of Information Information Technology EssayRichness And Density Of Information Information Technology Essay E-commerce is a method of trading via internet. This came into practice and became popular after the people are aware of the advantages in using internet to shop for their needs. The term e-commerce can be defined as a means of modern technology to sell goods and services through a web portal to deal with the needs of customers and traders to minimize maintenance charges, development cost as well as the delivery to the customers. (Ritendra Goel, 2007). It can also be called as e-marketing and is one of the fastest developing industries in the present world. It is gaining its importance as the shopping is just a click away instead of the traditional way of going to the stores. It also contains the exchange of information to make easy about funding and payment options of the business dealings. A major percentage of e-commerce is done electronically for essential things like an access to premium content of companies. Online sellers are called as e-tailers and online retail which is also known as e-tail. Approximately all large retailers contain this e-marketing on internet. E-commerce carried out among businesses is known as Business to Business (B2B). This B2B could be open to various users in the aspects like product exchange or limited to particular products, pre-qualified members, public or private e-markets etc. E-commerce can also be applicable to customers and businesses, moreover it is referred to as Business to Customer (B2C). Amazon.com is one of the leading website of such kind. (Steven N. Kalpan and Luis Garicano, 2006). Unique characteristics of E-commerce These days, e-commerce is considered as a buzz word. Many of the users promote websites, affiliate marketing and SEO and other things, however their aim is to gather the clients and sell the online services or products of the corresponding company. Electronic medium is the main tool available to purchase the online products. Following are the considerable characteristics of e-commerce (E-Commerce, 2010): Ubiquity: In conventional commerce, the global market is a physical place where all the users visit to transact. For instance, radio and television are normally directed to motivate the consumers to visit the places to purchase the products. E-commerce is ubiquitous since it is present everywhere during all the times. E-commerce releases the marketplace from being constrained to a physical space and allows shopping the users from their desktop or laptops. Hence, the outcome is specified as market space. From the consumer point of view, ubiquity reduces the transactional costs. In order to perform, one does not require spending their money and time travelling to their nearer markets. More clearly, the ubiquity of e-commerce lessens the cognitive energy which is needed to complete a mission. Global Reach: Generally e-commerce is a technology which allows the commercial transactions to national and cross cultural boundaries extremely more effectively and conveniently when compared to conventional commerce. Hence, the possible market size of electronic merchants is approximately equal to the worlds online population size. Universal Standards: The unseal characteristic of e-commerce technology is the technological standards of Internet and hence the technological standards for carrying out e-commerce are generally the universal standards these are shared by all worldwide online users. Interactivity: Dissimilar to the commercial technologies of the present generation, there are possible ways of interactivity through telephone. Hence the technologies of e-commerce are interactive enabling the two-way communication among the consumers and merchants (E-Commerce, 2010). Richness and Density of information: Internet immensely increases the data density. Quality and total amount of data is available to the market participants, merchants and consumers. The technologies of e-commerce lessens the data collection, communication, storage and the handling costs. Simultaneously, these technologies enhance the timeliness and accuracy of data, enabling data more important and useful than ever before. Hence the data becomes cheaper, with higher quality and available in plenty. Richness of data refers to the content and complexity of a message. Personalization: The technologies of e-commerce allow personalization. Online merchants can aim their marketing notification to particular individuals by altering the message to an individuals name, their interests and previous purchases. The e-commerce technology also enables the customization. Online merchants can regulate the service or product based according to the prior behavior or users preferences. With the use of e-commerce technologies, it is easier for the merchants to recognize the online consumers and utilize the data more efficiently than ever before. Merchants can utilize this data to enhance the new data asymmetries, develop their capability to charge premium prices, brand products for high quality services and divide the marketplace into never-ending groups, sub-groups and everyone getting different prices based on their account history (E-Commerce, 2010). Research on E-Commerce The online transactions using the e-commerce are very high in the year 2006 with hundred billion dollars in United States of America i.e., ten percent of the years total domestic market which shows the increasing trends in online shopping. Almost 33% of the people doing online shopping are relaying on the search engines for their needs. But a characteristic feature of the online shopping trends that people believe in the word of mouth of others when it comes in selecting the best website for online shopping or of the company than the results found through the search engine. Before starting an e-commerce or business through website, there is a need for the firms to analyze the uses and suitability for their products or service which are being offered to customers. In the present market, the most common items being purchased online are Books, Cloths, perfumes, mobile, some of the grocery and latest technology products. So firms must recognize the areas in which e-commerce can be implemented unlike implying on all segments of business. They must decide before implementing electronic commerce in business dealings. This will enable the firms to adopt appropriate strategies to utilize the existing resources that are available in the company. While doing the research, it is found that e-commerce business is available for all the small to large businesses based on the brands or products. However, there are very few websites which got integrated with different brands or shops or products but the thing is only integration is with respect to the products like all the super markets shopping at one place or different mobile shops at one place but there was no website which could integrate irrespective of the category. When browsed online, it was noticed that most of them are very slow and didnt had good look and feel. Also, no security was provided to the customer details or card details. Hence, it resulted in designing the e-commerce website with the title iStore sounds like Internet Store. The project is a web application for users to browse and purchase different products from different shops or brands of their choice using the present upcoming technology known as Adobe Flex Builder and also a tool called Xampp which got the different servers and database integrated in one tool. The project is divided into two modules one is for admin side and the other is for user side. The admin side consists of different operations like adding stores, managing store, adding products under different categories with respect to the stores etc., and on the user side we got the features like viewing the products, adding them to the cart, checkout with fully secured features for card payments, login and logout etc. Mainly inspired by the online shopping business have determined to develop the solution for e-commerce using the latest technology in order to provide rich user interface , user friendly navigation and secured payment options. Features of e-commerce: Any Portal with the below features can be a e-shop. Categories: Generally the online stores have different categories like Books, Antiques, Baby products, Arts, Industrial and Business, Photo and Camera, Vehicles and Parts, Boats, Cars, PDAs and Mobile Phones, Shoes and Accessories, Clothing, Electronics, Toys, Jewelry, Computers and Networking, Dolls and Bears, Crafts, Movies and DVDs, Beauty and Health, Home and Garden, Music and Instruments, Watches, Pet Supplies, Glass and Pottery, Specialty Services, Real Estates, Sport Memo, Sporting Goods, Tickets, Stamps, Hobbies and Travel, Games, and etc. Online users can browse the above products to view and purchase the products. Products: The website enables the user to browse different product based on the categories. Accordingly, the products will be displayed with brief descriptions like price and name along with thumbnail images. Product Details: The complete details of the product can be viewed by the users by just clicking the on their desired product to see the product description, bigger image and video of the product and if the customer like the product, the customer can directly add the product to the cart.. Shopping Cart: E-commerce provides all the solutions for the online users. The e-commerce website generally specializes in business to consumer, business to business, Web Stats, Inventory Management and e-accounting. The websites of e-commerce are totally equipped with IP Fraud checking and ecommerce security. Hence, providing all the shopping cart features like enabling the users to add or remove the products to the shopping cart. The amount to be paid can be viewed by the customer on the cart panel. Login: Login page is provided so that user can get his desired products. Once the customer finishes the shopping they needs to login for the payment options which enables the security feature. If the customer is not a registered user, then customer has an option called New user? Register here to register himself. Once the registration is finished, he can complete the shopping. Registration : Registration form is provided so that the users can register themselves before purchasing their desired products. Here, the new user is intended to register with the website for finishing the shopping. Based on the details like User name, password, retype password ,e-mail id etc. to finish the registration. Payment Type : Once the customer is logged in he can pay the bill by two options like pay with cash or pay with card. Confirmation: Finally, the users are provided with the checkout product list for billing purpose. This process of checkout requires the Users to login in order to track their order. Admin: The site administrator has been provided with the admin panel to manage the stores and the store administration has been provided with the admin panel so as to manage the portal content such as products, categories, etc. Business Analysis: A business can be defined as an organisation or industry or online service that provides services like selling or buying the goods providing career to others. Any Business results either in profits and losses. To start a new business there is a need for good planning and organising, nevertheless research. Now-a-days business is not constrained to an organization or an industry but is boundless to the whole world considering e-business as an example. Online business is booming everywhere as it changes the way the people do their business using the internet with just a click without effecting other facility. Any business needs a strategy i.e., scope and direction to maintain the business for long term and to have good customers. Revenue: Any Business needs a revenue i.e., money which can be received from selling products or services. The total revenue for any company is calculated using the formula Total Revenue = Selling Price per unit *Number of units Sold For example if a company sales a single item for à £1.10 with a profit of à £0.40 than its revenue is (à £1.10 * 1) à £1.10 with a profit of à £0.40. Similarly for 10 items it would be (à £1.10 * 10) is à £11.00 would be the total revenue with a profit of à £4.00 i.e., profit is calculated as Profit = Total Revenue Total cost If the Revenue is greater than Total cost than it is profit and if revenue is less than total cost than it is loss. In the present project iStore the business gets the revenue from Once the store is registered, the store is provided with a 15days free trial and thereafter if the stores want to continue the store is charged particular amount. For every product sold from any store the iStore gets 5-10% of profit from the cost of item sold. User part got the advertising banner for advertising products or stores, which is one of the sources of revenue. For the delivery of the products the customer is charged à £3 for normal delivery and à £7.99 for the express delivery. In this business everything is insured like the products being sold, Equipment used like vehicles used for delivered .An insurance police will be provided to the company and also the employees. Methodolgy : This part of the document gives the information about the technologies used to develop the project and the technologies being used are compared with the other technologies avaliable in the market to show how good is the technology we are using. Background : The web designing projects are developed using different tools and technologies with a database. In general, a web desinging can be developed using the technologies like asp,jsp,java. Dot net, PHP, mxml, and xml etc and there are different databses like Oracle, SQL , MySQL etc. But, for the e-commerce application being developed uses PHP, Mxml , CSS and the database My SQL providing the customers to have a good look and security with easy navigation. Technology Assessment : Web Servers : Any Website is placed on a computer known as a webserver and this servers are always connected to the internet . Every websever is connected to the internet and is been given with a unique address which is a series of four numbers between 0 to 255. The range would be from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 . For Example 68.178.101.200 . Mainly there are four webservers in the market Apache HTTP Server : Apache web server is developed by Apache Software Foundation and it is the most popular web server used world wide . More than 60% of the web server machines use the Apace web server which is an open source software. The great thing of the Apache web server is it can be used or installed on almost all the operating systems like Linux,Unix, Windows ,FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. Internet Information Services (IIS) : IIS is a web server from Microsoft it has got very high performance. IIS web servers are designed to run on windows NT/2003 and 2003 servers as this comes bundled with Windows NT/2003 and 2003. And even new version of IIS are avaliable for windows new versions. Lighttpd : The Lighttpd is a web server that is avaliable free and is distributed with the FreeBSD operating system and is pronounced lightly. As like Apache it is also a open source software which can run on the different operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X , Linux and Solaries. It got the features like fast, secure and consumes very less CPU power. Jigsaw : Jigsaw(W3Cs server) is also a open source software and avaliable free of cost and can be used on different platforms like Linux, Windows ,Unix, Free BSD, Mac OS X etc, and it is been developed in Java even than it can run CGI scripts and PHP programs. It comes with the World Wide Web association. Conclusion : Considering the features of the different servers available, I finalized to use Apache web server as it is most popular open source software and most of the hosting providers provided apache hosting. Web Application Scripting Tools: Any web application is developed using the scripting tools like PHP, ASP , JSP or Pyton for creating web pages. Benefits of PHP over other Scripting Tools PHP Hypertext Processor is a web programming language on server-side which can be embedded into HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language). The uses and benefits of PHP are extensive that includes any sort of server functionalities like taking the inputs from the user and manipulating and displaying the outputs. PHP is considered to be a platform independent as it runs on both UNIX and Windows servers thus it is considered to be more accessible than Windows (ASP). This scripting language is gaining its hold in the programming area of development. This is another language in the slot of object oriented language which even has speed on Linux server which is useful to build large and complex web application. PHP is a useful programming and scripting language as it is easy to integrate with the given web pages and allows for the use of advanced programming structures in the development. Another main advantage of PHP compared to other scripting languages is that it easily and very well interfaces with MySQL which is a popular type of online database. Another add-on point of PHP is that it is an Open Source code as it is available public for free whilst the source code for ASP.net and other language based product cannot be obtained. With all these reasons PHP is considered to be relatively cheap and best programming and scripting language for the open source products. As it is an open source programming language the code can be shared between the developers without any reflexes. This indeed leads to the stage where the developers can rely on each other for using the characteristic of reusability of the pieces of the code which can be termed as functions, classes instead of developing the common piece of code every time and reinventing the wheel. This scenario will reduce the production time vividly. Some of the benefits of PHP over other open source languages like JAVA are as follows: PHP is considered as more swift development tool in comparison with JAVA if once the developer once get used to the process of developing the simple web pages. There is no particular IDE for the development of PHP applications. There are some tools like Komodo for checking the syntax at real time process and debugging. It is not necessary to restart the server whenever it is required to update a PHP file unlike does in JAVA. Even this is not exact problem with JSPs but when it comes to Java Servlets the web server will try to unload all the classes from the memory and reload it as and when requested. These are some of the advantages of PHP over some other scripting languages and some other open source developing languages. Therefore I have chosen PHP for the project development process as it is open source, lightweight and rapid in comparison with other technologies like MS.NET Database : Any e-commerce needs to have a database for storing the data of the registered users, products, etc. In market, there are lot of database systems available like Oracle, MySQL , SQL Server etc. Benefits of My SQL over other Database Major database systems that are used in the present web developing systems are Microsoft MS SQL server and My SQL. These two systems are similar with respect to the general data manipulations some of the features like supporting the primary key operations, key indices which enables the user to speed up the operations and queries and restrain input. In addition to this these two systems Microsoft offer some form of support to XML formats. But the advantages of MySQL over the other start with its nature of open-source system which is not present in MS SQL server as it is a closed one and a build on proprietary structure. MySQL is an open storage and extensible database engine that offers multiple variations such as Berkeley DC, InnoDB, Heap and My ISAM while these options cannot be seen in MS SQL server as it offerings are limited only to a Sybase-derived engine. MySQL has major advantage of integrating impeccably with any number of web designed technologies and programming languages which keeps it over the MS SQL server. MySQL is also considered to be ahead in terms of its compatibility which works better than any Microsoft products. MySQL is considered as a robust, fast database with relatively good feature set. If any project is designed to be portable then its pretty good to implement on My SQL. It also offers a very good admin security and a good database system to implement. Postgre SQL is one of the other open s ource relational database management system which matches the standards and operations of SQL server and also runs on different platforms. In spite of all these features it is a slow due to its advanced features and becomes complicate to use by the developer in a large web developing projects (Mike Jewson, 2006). Due to these advantages, MySQL has been chosen for the database management system in this project. User Interface : Benefits of Adobe Flex over Silverlight Adobe flex is an open source structure which runs in adobe flash player to create rich internet applications (RIAs). It merges the functionality of desktop applications with that of the accessibility of web applications. This tool will allow for the speed prototyping of difficult web applications. The aim of flex is to understand the Adobes goal for its suite of products. And adobes goal is to influence the wide number of designers who already know with adobe design tools. Whereas for Microsoft Silverlights goal is to influence the Windows Presentation foundation framework (WPF), the .NET framework and also its ascertained developer base. WPF is used to present a visual front end for all windows foundational applications. Flex has a wide selection of out of the box elements like DataGrid, Tree and Panel which are employed to deliver the view of a Flex RIA. These flex applications are collected into Flash bytecode and it runs in Flash Player. It also influences Flash transitions and animations and supports media streaming and data push. Flex applications programming is done in combination of MXML and Action Script languages. When it comes to Silverlight this type of programming is not possible (Chris Giametta, 2009). Adobe flex events are more spontaneous than the Silverlight to implement. This can be defined as static resources in App.Xaml and compiled into the application. These two tools provide XML based mark-up language and with convenient methods for designing controls. But there are some differences which are practically proved between these two tools-Flexs MXML and Silverlights XAML. Prior tool is assembled straight into Action Script modules. If Flex builder is used, then developer could set a breakpoint directly in MXML and wait for it to be performed. After breakpoint is reached the object and its related property assessments can be examined. Silver lights XAML is gathered into common runtime object code. This creates problems with debugging. This tool is less compact and is more flexible than flex (David Roossien, 2009). Technical Analysis: iStore project is divided into two modules the first module is Admin which got two things iStore admin and store admin and the second module is User . User Features: Home Login Categories Featured Stores Products Product Description About Us Contact Us Shopping Cart Check Out Payment Options ( Card or Cash) My Orders Search Logout Store Admin features: Login Manage Orders Products Add new Products Logout iStore Admin Features : Login Manage Orders Manage Stores Add new stores Manage Categories Add new categories Customers Change Password Logout Application Analysis Design: Application Implementation: iStore project has been implemented using PHP, Adobe Flex Builder and My SQL. This project is divided into two modules such as Admin module and User module. Admin Module This module got two categories iStore Admin and Store Admin. iStore Admin Login Page:à Here the admin users login in to the site using the login details provided by the iStore team. If the admin enters wrong user name and password then user will be prompted to re-enter the correct user name and password. When the login details are successful the webpage redirects to the Home page which is Manage Order. Once the admin is logged in he got the permissions to manage the stores, categories or change password as the admin is given with some default password. Manage Stores:à Admin is responsible to manage the stores i.e., adding the new stores are editing the stores that is deleting the existing the stores ,or by clicking on the products link in the product of the table which is displayed in the form admin can view all the available products under a particular store name and can manage the products as well. Manage icon in the manage field of the table is used to edit the required attribute with respect to the products and the stores in the site. Delete icon is used to delete the stores which are no more required or no more posting the products onto the site. On the top right corner of the table there is link called Add New Store through which the admin can enter new store and register them accordingly.à à à à à à Add new Store:à This form is accessed by the admin user to add new stores so that the user can post the new products or services into the site by creating the new store. Here in this form it is required to give the store name logo, image of the store and branch of the store with a user name and password so that the store admin can login to add the products, when the iStore admin wants to add a new store. Here it is even required to mention the status of the store whether it is active or inactive by selecting check box given in the form. The Store logo is displayed on the home page of the user . Manage categories:à This form is used to manage the products that are posted onto the site. This is done by the admin user to manage the products and its arability on the site. Here by clicking on the icon in manage field of the table category details can be edited according to their requirement and specifications. If the admin wants to delete the field admin can do that by just clicking on that delete icon. On the top right corner of the table there is link call Add New Category through which the admin can enter the new category or the products type into the site. Thus the product type or the categories can be managed by the admin through this form in the site. à à New Category:à This form is sued to enter the new categories of the products into the site. When the admin clicks on the top link in the manage categories form the form will be redirected to this page. In the form admin can enter the details of the new category they want to enter into the site and even have to mention the status of the category by selecting the check box active in the form to keep that particular category in active state and once save button is clicked the category is saved. And the page will be redirect to the list of the categories page. Admin Categories Page In this page the list of categories will be displayed and there will be option for the admin to update and delete the category. On the right corner there is a link called add categories if this is clicked then it will redirect to the new category page. Admin Add new Products In this page the admin can add the product providing the details that are required for adding a new product. The fields in that page are selection of the category giving the product name, image , video , cost and description of the product. And there is a check box called Active if it is checked then that particular product will be displayed on the product page under selected category and if it is not checked then the product will not be displayed. After that admin just needs to click on the save button. Then the page is redirect to the list of products under that particular store. Even the store admin can also add the new products if required. Admin manage Products In this page the list of added products are displayed and the admin can manage the product by clicking on the manage icon and can also delete the product by clicking on the delete icon. Manage Order: In this page the admin can see the order and can modify the status of the delivery of the order. Clicking on Order Info will give the complete order details including how the payment is made, list of items purchased, total amount paid etc. Clicking on manage will provide the option of editing the status. Change Password: In this page the admin can change his password by typing new password field and retype password field, and clicking on the save button. Log Out Every form have the log out link on the top right corner when clicked on that link then the admin is logged out from that account. Store Admin Module : Login: The store admin can login to check the orders , products for particular category. Manage Order: In this page the admin can see the order and can modify the status of the delivery of the order. Clicking on Order Info will give the complete order details including how the payment is made, list of items purchased, total amount paid etc. Clicking on manage will provide the option of editing the status. Products In this page the list of added products are displayed and the admin can manage the product by clicking on the manage icon and can also delete the product by clicking on the delete icon. Add new Products In this page the admin can add the product providing the details that are required for adding a new product. The fields in that page are selection of the category giving the product name, image , video , cost and description of the product. And there is a check box called Active if it is checked then that particular product will be displayed on the product page under selected category and if it is not checked then the product will not be displayed. After that admin just needs to click on the save button. Then the page is redirect to the list of products under that particular store. Even the iStore admin can also add the new products if required. Log Out Every form have the log out link on the top right corner when clicked on that link then the admin is logged out from that account. Customer Module Home Page Home page is the initial page of the Website. In this page on the top right corner there are four links they are Home, Products, about us and Contact us. By clicking on the about us link the page is forwarded to the about us page. If clicked on the products or contact us they forward to their respective pages. On the left side of the home page there is a panel for login in t Norikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08256563466987423612noreply@blogger.com0