Evaluate how an organisation implemented an information system (such Essay

Evaluate how an organisation implemented an information system ( such as a CRM, SCM or ERP - Essay ExampleIn the modern world with extendd expectations from customers, relationship marketing has become an grand factor in financial services. Therefore, the management function of banks needs to critically analyse those areas where prospects can be found owing to industry amalgamation, virtual distribution and the growing ability to transfer cash fair with the snap of a mouse which has made it efficient for customers to shift their loyalty from one bank to the other. It is this fate that has prompted many banks to establish a relationship with their customers by coming up with a well-managed system that ensures that banks to the full understand their customers, retain existing clients through enhancedconsumer experience, remain attractive to new customers and gain new clienteles and contracts, increase cost-effectiveness and cut back on consumer organization costs. In this scenario, CRM (client Relationship Management) is an information system that presents an opportunity for banks to break concrete relationships with their clients who can then market their services through word of mouth, making it hard to shift loyalty by switching to other banks among others (Hwang and Wen,2009 Kamakura et al., 2005). HDFC commit, India, launched the use of CRM in 2008 to achieve its vision of One aver to enable it make available to the customers more information about the bank and attract new customers in order to boost its profitability and customer satisfaction. HDFC Company Profile and Porters Five Forces Analysis HDFC is a commercialized bank based in India and is the largest private universal bank by market capitalization having a customer base totalling over 25 million, an elaborate distribution network consisting of 2,544 branches spreading across 1399 cities round the world. The bank also has a huge workforce with over fifty five thousand employees. For HDFC B ank to effectively apply its core competencies to achieve a profit above the industry average, it is important to prise its potential for profitability and strategic position in the Indian banking industry. The Indian banking sector is defined by a high bargaining power of customers owing to the fact that banks provide uniform services. This is mainly collectable to the fact that nearly all banks strive to make available requisite information to their clients through such facilities as internet and mobile banking thus increasing buyer information availability and buyer scathe sensitivity. On the other hand, The Reserve Bank of India, the nations central bank and regulatory body, has created many regulatory standards and benchmarks which have to be met by banks. This in effect lowers the bargaining power of commercial banks in general and HDFC in particular. The industry is also highly competitive given the numerous numbers of public, private, inappropriate and cooperative banks offering financial services similar to those offered by HDFC. The availability of substitutes outside of the realm of viridity product boundaries of HDFC such as mutual funds, Government securities and T-bills increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives. Lastly, HDFC faces a low level of threat of new entrants to the industry due to the high number of banking regulations created by the Reserve Bank of India (Goyal and Joshi, 2012). CRM Customer Relationship

This I Believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

This I Believe - prove ExampleTruthfulness does not ceaselessly come easily especially in times of rile when an individual is placed in a difficult situation where a very master(prenominal) topic one holds dear is in the midst of the truth. However, like any goodness, a person can always decide to discipline himself to stick to honesty no matter what the circumstance be and can bring. A persons integrity is affected largely by this one virtue and can doctor or break a person. Ones honesty is to his advantage while dishonesty destroys his future. The stratum of The Boy who Cried Wolf is one moral story which parents and teachers use to teach truthfulness to children which I view is a great and vital step in the formation of a childs character. It is important for honesty to be nailed to a persons heart from childhood because when one grows old, this will in some manner have a big impact in the decision making of a person. As a growing child, I cherished people who simply told the truth disregarding their pride, and I have mulish since then to follow such track. The path I have trodden though did not always throw a straight line and so many times I failed myself.

APT- Arbitrage Pricing Theory and CAPM-Capital Asset Pricing Model Research Paper

APT- Arbitrage Pricing surmise and CAPM-Capital Asset Pricing Model - Research Paper ExampleIn the action of comparing investments returns and risks, if CAPM or APT is healthy utilized, they will reflect on whether one ought to invest in a prone firm or another. The formulas to these two methods are given under CAPMRe= Rf + *(Rm Rf)Where Re = essential return rateRf =Risk-free return rate = Beta, which is the market risk compute agiotageRm = Expected overall market return rate( observe foundmanagement.net, 2011)APT Re = Rf + (Individual risk cypher premium*Relationship between the factor and price) + (Individual risk factor premium*Relationship between the factor and price) Generally, these two methods are different in that one (CAPM) uses beta- which is the risk factor of a given commonplace in relation to that of the market. Therefore, if beta equals 1 this fall is equally risky with the market, if it is 2 the similar stock is twice risky in comparison to the market. Whi le on the other hand, APT utilizes individual factors in place of beta. Also APT does not apply the market return rate and thus considered to be more particular to a given stock in focus. CAPMs data is objective speckle APT applies data from a single stock. Thus, CAPM is recommendable to an investor who is relatively dormant as compared to APT, which if correctly applied is remedy placed to assess projects. (Grover, 2010) Some authors have applied APT and compared the resultant estimates with those of CAPM. Patterson notes one of the cases where such has been through is the electric utilitys, written by Ross and Roll in their 1983 book. According to Patterson the end results of APT were probable in comparison to those of CAPM. But, this was without enough justification of the results. (Patterson, 1995 p151) Besides the first two, there are methods of assessment kindred the Dividend Growth Model and Modern Portfolio Theory. The Dividend Growth Model shows the value of commonplac e shares in present value of the prospected future flows of cash which has been invested by an investor. The receivable cash inflows are taken as dividends as well as the expected price in future while the stock will be disposed. An ordinary share usually does not possess maturity and thus, it is held for numerous years. Therefore, a general ordinary shares military rank introduced by Gordon would be as below P0 = ?t= 1? Dt/ (1+r)t Where Dt = dividend in duration t P0 = modern stock price in the market r = constant yearly rate of growth of dividends t = number of given durations of periods (Siegel, et al 1997 p140) Just to mention, the other model investment assessment is known as MPT- Modern Portfolio Theory. This is a theory applied by investors who are risk averse and at the same time they want to achieve maximum or optimum level of expected return which is based on the market risk level. It emphasizes that risk is inherent in the process of getting the rewards associated with it. MPT is sometimes called the Portfolio management Theory. As per the argument of this model, it is a possibility to come up with an efficient frontier that depicts best levels of a portfolio giving the maximum rate of expected return at the given risk levels. (investopedia.com, 2011) The athletic field is set out to explain that the most recommendable model in the assessment of investment projects is CAPM. First things first, though, since overlook of consideration of the assumptions would not lead to a comprehensive outcome of the study. The model of CAPM has the assumptions mentioned below forming its basis Persons set about to achieve maximum utility of their investment portfolio over a given duration of planning horizon, Persons convoluted are risk averse, Persons have expectations

The artist M.C. Escher Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The artist M.C. Escher - Research Paper ExampleIn some of his works, he cookd polytypes that cannot be constructed in real world and can be explained using mathematics knowledge.His study on mathematics began with George Polyas academic paper some plane symmetry groups. What he studied stir him to study the concept of 17 wallpapers (Math Explorer Club, 2009). By using this mathematical concept, he manage to create a periodic tilings made up of 43 masked drawings of different types of symmetry. This was the point where he started growing mathematical approach to expressions of symmetry shapes in his drawings. He was being viewed as a research mathematician during that clock when he documented his findings in a book wrote about asymmetry polygons. He researched about color based division and he came up with a system of classifying combinations of shape, color and symmetrical properties (Math Explorer Club, 2009).He also developed several interlocking figures that appear to be mat hematically incorrect. With the use of black and snow-white color, he manages to develop different dimensions to make the impossible mathematics look possible. He normally combines 2 and 3 dimensional images to a single print. In his works entitled reptiles he drew pictures where reptiles find out of tessellation, move around, and go back into 2 dimensional forms. To create certain linear perspectives, he picked a point on the drawings such that all the lines in the work will converge unitedly at one point. In this way, he used mathematics to develop a certain lore from the audience, without using any special mathematic tool. Escher circle limit III contains tessellations that he drew with a devoid hand and they are mathematically correct (Abrams, 1995).In 1956, he analyzed the concept of representing infinity on 2 dimensional planes. His wood carvings circle limit I-IV shows the infinity concept. In 1959, he explained further about infinity using his construction (Abrams, 1995 ). The

1986 study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1986 study - Essay ExampleThey slip away in that when the convicted youth in savage hook is transferred their sanctions are more severe in constitution and length.The study was both experimental and qualitative. They examined both the process and outcome of youths that were charged in the juvenile justice system that were identified having violent offences and were considered to be transferred to the whitlow justice system. They gathered the data as factor of a research and development initiative to test the impact of an experimental treatment program for inveterate violent delinquents. They wanted to investigate To what extent are violent youth transferred/convicted and sentenced? Is punishment in the criminal justice system harsher and longer than within the juvenile justice system? Does it occur more quick? What are the unanticipated consequences of the transfer of certain offense types? How does the process and outcome differ by court and region? What are the legal and pol icy implications of such disparities? p. 79They used a standardized protocol to gather their qualitative data on how the sites they studied officially identified the violent youth and transferred them to the criminal justice system. They stated that the, Information was collected on juvenile court data on register of a petition to transfer and hearings on the motion, criminal court data on processing, trying, placing, and sentencing convicted youth and corrections alternatives for juvenile offenders. These data were analyzed to provide the qualitative description presented in this article. p. 80The participants were not delegate at random. They used two strategies to collect the data that were developed and implemented. They used a standardized protocol and abstracts of court processing records in three cities Boston, Newark, and Phoenix. Memphis was excluded from this study.The sample consisted of 138 youths considered for

Sense and Sensibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

mavin and Sensibility - Essay ExampleTaking up the theme of hypocrisy we can see how women in that century were generally side-lined blush by their own flesh and blood as demonstrated by Henry Dashwood when he turns over his entire estate to his son kat onceing fully well that his wife and daughters would be left destitute and commiserating with them on their fate. tin can Dashwood, too turns out to be a big hypocrite for after having shamefully neglected his sisters, he comes to seek Elinors sympathy and says, ..for otherwise we twain wished very much to have invited you and Marianne to be with us, while your kind friend there was attending her daughter. And now to be so rewarded I wish, with all my heart, says poor Fanny, in her affectionate way, that we had asked your sisters instead of them. (Austen, 228) And has the gall to hold in to be thanked, which the cordial Elinor does. Lucy acts disgracefully and lays open her hypocritical nature when she claims that she had asked Edward to end their engagement as it would non be a very happy one (after Edward had been disinherited) and that Edward had refused when in fact, it was Lucy who had refused to end the engagement earlier. Both John and Lucy are epitomes of hypocrisy because they profess to be concerned about others welfare or are pouring in their praise for someone while all the time they are plotting how to take advantage of them. Lucy is a person who cannot restrain herself from her selfishness.. and secretly resolved to avail herself, at Delaford, as for as she possibly could, of his servants, his carriage, his cows, and his poultry. (Austen, 253) even towards someone who had been of such help to her.The characters in Austens novel are generally very certified of the importance of money and though people like Elinor take it in the right spirit (not underestimating or

Explain why it is important for marketers to understand the concepts Essay

Explain wherefore it is important for marketers to understand the concepts of market sectionalization and target marketing - Essay ExampleMarket class has over time been regarded as one of the fundamental concepts in modern marketing. The segments formed are olibanum constituted by consumer groups who have quasi(prenominal) requirements, as well as groups of services and goods that exhibit similar attributes. Ideally, market segmentation concept has been largely associated with Wendell R. Smith, in the paper he beginning(a) he first published in the year 1956 (Kim, Park, leeward & Lee, 2006). According to him, Segmentation is based upon developments on the demand place of the market and represents a rational and more precise adjustment of product and marketing effort to consumer or user requirements (Flint, Woodruff, and Gardial, 2002). In this respect, therefore, segmentation is viewed as being disaggregative in regard to its trends and effects in legal transfer about recog nition of various demand schedules where only one was initially recognized.The concept of market segmentation is dependent on the recognition of differentiated product demands, whereas its application as a tool for marketing is dependent on the effectiveness in identifying the most befitting variables which can be used to assort total demand into segments that are economically viable (Freytag and Clarke, 2001). The segments that are economically viable could be seen as having the sufficient size that enables the marketers to attain sufficient level of profit through catering to certain call for of the members therein. According to Yankelovich and Meer (2006), the idea that all markets can profitably be segmented has now received close to as widespread acceptance as the marketing concept itself. This notion is shared by Kim, Lee and Koh (2004), who note that market segmentation relies on the idea that there is need for the company to divide or segment the market in a manner that e nables the achievement of certain sets of buyers. The sets of buyers, or the resultant

Criteria of Leadership Effectiveness Research Paper

Criteria of Leadership Effectiveness - Research Paper ExampleThis is a decisive position. Managerial skills, competency, accountability, service beary and program implementation are some of the criteria through which a see is evaluated. Managerial skills entail the ability to control the whole ministry, for instance, the Ministry of Education and ensure efficiency at totally lower levels. In actual sense, it is termed as administrative capability Competency bases on the ability to deliver and suitability to hold such(prenominal) a high profile position. In such cases, evaluation base on educational background and experience. Accountability, though a managerial skill, it is an independent variable. Ministries deal with lots of currency and thus a minister is evaluated on the basis that the money and services can be accounted for to the hold up coin. Service delivery is the actual performance towards the set goals. Ministerial positions aim at serving the habitual and thus its e ffectiveness is based on this principle by delivery satisfactory results. It all depends on proper implementation of programs.This is the most widespread form of ethical challenge present in or so all organizational systems. By prioritizing issues, there is a huge chance for entities to use bribe as a tool with which they can ensure their ideas are given the first priority. Such unauthorized or formal procedures are considered unethical in any setup. It is difficult to fully contain every bribery situation but it can be reduced by sticking to the stipulated guidelines and penalizing those who indulge in such activities.

Nebraska Conflict between Native Americans and the Whites Research Paper

northeast strife between Native Americans and the Whites - Research Paper ExamplePresent-day nor-eastns may be surprised at though of Confederate troops defending their state from Indians in the Platte Valley. Nevertheless, former Confederates helped much to defend neon term during two crucial years of Indian War. By 1864 it became clear that Nebraska needed whatever kind of help on its frontier because the available manpower grew increasingly less and less adequate. In summer of that year the Arapaho, Sioux and Cheyenne tribes broke telegraph communications, closed the Overland Route, and drove the whites in inconsistency to the Plains.Col. John M. Chivingtons desperate attack on peaceful Natives at Sand Creek, Colorado, infuriated more(prenominal) hostile Indian tribes. 1865 promised to bring an exodus of the whites from already colonized territories. This notwithstanding frontier defenses was enforced by the regiments of the so-called Galvanized Yankees. Officially named U nited States Volunteers, these were the regiments composed of the former Confederate soldiers. These former Confederates were willing to fight Indians on the assurance that they would not be ordered to fight their country-fellow-men in the south.In the afterwardsmath of the Civil War, the frontier of Nebraska gained its full development. With the release of the volunteers, the regular units resumed the task of the defending the frontier and the regular soldier became Nebraskas frontier societys integral part. Dozens of new military posts were built to the some outposts previously established in Nebraska were added such up-to-date installations as Fort Sidney and Camp Sargent at North Platte. Army campaigns against the Natives intensified increasingly until the power of Indians on the Plains was utterly destroyed. The third phase of Nebraskas frontiers history had begun.The significance of these activities is clear by the rapid social and stinting growth of Nebraska as of that terr itory reached its statehood. There were really plenty of the reasons to worry. To be sure after the Civil War was over Nebraska did really escaped violence in scales usual for the quantify of trouble like that.

The Odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Odyssey - Essay ExampleThe uphold stage is a road of trials. For Odyssey, his journey consists of love of Calypso and building of a ship to get down trials with the Cyclops and the Phaeacian princess, love with Circe and journey into Hades, and battle with Scylla. The third stage is achieving the goal or boon. It doer unexampled world perception and views created during the journey. Odyssey understands that faith is the foundation of morality which cannot be removed by new impressions and temptation. He feels that, as morality is created by God, those who reject faith are in turn rejecting individualist way of life. The forth stage is a return to the ordinary world. From the very beginning Odyssey fails this trial, because nought recognized him but his old nurse, Eurycleia. Penelope suspects that it could be her husband and organized a competition won by Odyssey. She promises to marry a winner, when Odyssey won this contest they reunite. The fifth stage includes application o f the boon. At the end, Odyssey visits his father and stops vendetta. His father kills Antinouss father and peace is maintained. In sum, The Odyssey displays the many qualities that archetypal heroes had in common.

Fiat. A troubled European Giant. Answer 4 questions+Introduction and Coursework

Fiat. A debauched European Giant. Answer 4 questions+Introduction and Summary - Coursework ExampleThe company fell because of embezzlement of capital by the Agnelli family, which owns slightly 34% of the normal divides through the holding companies Ifi and Ifil. The Agnelli Family control maintenance has been a precedence hence making it hard for Fiat to enter into treacheries and joint businesses that are common among its rivals. Fiat has been expend slowly in the quality improvements and other innovations placing itself at a weak position of quality guarantees when arguing was opened in the market. The company had many debts that amounted to 6bn, with its falling selling that fetched it losses. Still in this state about 6000 job were lost and production was stopped in 18 plants.The company offset some ventures such(prenominal) as insurance and aero- engines operations. Even though Mr. Berlusconi had promised to improve economy, cut taxes, and reforms in the structure, he fa ced troubles to come upon them as he faced public rejection to the unpalatable changes. Intense competition and a declining market share is the main problem, which causes the following as domestic brands tend to dominate home market, Fiats comparison of sales in Italy is high. Still, this dominance is on decline, as in 2004 domestic brands had fallen approximately for 30% of sales. Fiats business face generational playing periodover and increased overseas competition. Initially, Fiat was closely allied with the government which was instrumental to its post-war economic recovery and which enabled Fiat to shelter from international competition.In addition, the company concentrates on the compact market in European countries whereby with a small company they can reach out to pay more attention to the quality of their products. Fiats vehicles have been enhanced greatly which make the company get over $ 70 million Euros as the demand of their cars increased.The company needs to turn around the business so that it would be attractive enough for General Motors to its shares. In

Problems in Advertising - Understanding Advertising Messages Essay

Problems in Advertising - Understanding Advertising Messages - Essay Example there are numerous media use in advertisement such(prenominal) as print media and broadcast advertisements. I am intending to study two magazines and two television programs for a period of two months to verify their make by going to the magazine publishers and the respective media that air the TV programs. Magazines, which are widely used by most firms due to their ability to access a specific target group with high superior presentations and the fact that they accommodate design options, prestige, influence, believability and long shelf life. (Shimp 367-369). I leave behind consider the models used in different basis such as the number used, gender, facial expressions and their evocation. The setting of the scene, its implications to the moods or emotions and the relationship between the setting and the model is important to be analyzed. I impart further consider the realistic omissions by regarding n ot only what has been evidently shown and said but also what is omitted and the implication of leaving such issues. The issue of auditory sense cannot be avoided since it is in fact the reason for advertisement. The strategies used in advertisement should be geared towards persuading the customers or support the product, service or a project. It is therefore important to consider the military capability of the advert in the magazine. I will also confirm if the information being passed is ethical and clean as per the companys claim. The overall effect of the advert on the customers feelings, emotions and the storey in which it attracts the customer is similarly an important issue to reflect on while considering the analysis. I will ask the consumers and the entire public on their take on the magazines advertisement by using questionnaires or verbally interviewing them (Shimp 367-369). Considering the TV advertisements, I will access the ability of the advert contents to appeal to the public. I will intend to check on what the advertiser has done to make the product attractive to the audience by regarding the color, music on the background used, and the models or people involved in the advert. I will scrutinize the targeted audience of the advert and the ability of the advert to reach the audience as anticipated by the company. I will reflect on the statements used and their credibility about the product VHS vs BetaMax The world of merriment has since changed greatly since 1975 when Sony single handedly revolutionized the manner in which we watch TV, movies and even the approach used in plan our evening hours. However, it is unfortunate that the Betamax format cannot withstand the VHS format in the market simply because of advertisement and promotional techniques employed by VHS. BetaMax had very sharp bits, small cassettes that are very much portable, and the hi-fi unsounded tracks that do not interfere with high-speed duplication compared to the JVC, wh ich did not have same technological receipts as BetaMax. Several issues affect the technological associated industries such as video formatting which result to a firms loss of market share or even closure. Consumers usually concentrate on features that comprise user friendliness and the degree in which utilization knowledge fits into their needs. Businesses should be geared towards conflict the unmet needs of the customers in addition to the already met needs. High tech markets are regarded as vibrant and multifaceted, hence resulting into a varying target market

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Summary - naming ExampleIn the late medieval period, they were believed to have adopted a hunter-gatherer mode of life. It is an important revelation, for everywhere else in the world agri finishing and urbanization has already become entrenched. Bison was a great stock precede during the time as the ecology of the owing(p) Plains suited it well. In many of the cave paintings from this period, we can debate how bison was an emblematic animal for the entire community.It is important to remember that, despite common features, native American culture is not one monolithic system. The breadth and width of the continents landscape, with its varied climates, geographies and ecologies, made adapting to topical anaesthetic conditions an imperative. As a result, we see different set of customs and norms being practiced in the Great Basin, Pacific Coast or Eastern Woodlands. Likewise, in contrast to the widespread adoption of hunter-gatherer lifestyle, native Indian cultures of South-wes tern and Woodland Burial Mound regions practiced agriculture. The social organization of these regions was also different, in that they were chiefdoms, with a decisive hierarchy among its members.Just as Spanish Conquistadors started trickling into the continent in the late 15th century, the meso-American culture became predominant. This eccentric culture retained many key traits of the communitys traditions while also including new elements that they were introduced to. It is an infelicitous fact of history that despite the amicable and warm welcome of the conquistadors by native Americans, the former did not reciprocate the hospitality. After having acquainted themselves with the exotic culture of the natives, the conquistadors systematically proceeded to dominate the defenceless natives. Those who had the courage to compel domination and exploitation were ruthlessly rounded up and executed. As a

Inaugural Address by John F. Kennedy Speech or Presentation

Inaugural Address by John F. Kennedy - Speech or Presentation ExampleWritten by Kennedy himself, along with his name and addresswriter Ted Sorenson, the speech is considered to be one of the best abandoned by Kennedy as well as one of the best given by any unify States President. The primary audience of the speech was, indeed, the joined States public, however, the speech also addressed the citizens and governments of the world at large, mite on universal themes of peace and justice. The speech opens with a very effective hook, by talking well-nigh the victory of his vocalisationy, Kennedy draws the audience in by proclaiming the event to be a beginning of change as well as the start of renewing the rich traditions of United States. The memorable speech opening clear established the basis for the main body of the speech. The speech was focused clearly and effectively touching on themes of a need for a new beginning in the face of the then present make water relations between the two Cold War opponents (the United States and the Soviet Union). Recalling images of the glorious past of the United States, and the ideals on which it was found, the speech employed metaphors, especially spiritual ones, as well as symbolism, and that too having religious undertones. Kennedy talked about the metaphorical torch that had been passed to his generation when he spoke of his presidency. It was, altogether, very easy to follow the speech as it flowed, and was organized, quite logically, with Kennedy ensuring that the conclusion of his speech was concise, memorable and a call to action. The now famous language Ask non what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country (Kennedy) were part of his inaugural address. Kennedy relied on words alone to deliver his message. No visual aids were used in the speech, the only mental imagery was evoked in a bid to get the public demented and hopeful about the future in general, and the Kennedy administration in particular. Kennedy sounded a bit nervous, although his enthusiasm shows through in the choice of his words as well as his hopeful tone for the change he sought to bring about with regard to the United States itself and its relationship with the outside world. Kennedy accomplished this by maximising the role of the audience in the change to come by using inclusive language as well as by addressing the audience directly (i.e. using you and we focused language). The audience cheered during the speech and clapped, however, new(prenominal) than that there was no audience interaction. The tone of the speech was somber and serious, there was no levity or irritation worked into the speech. Moreover, Kennedy stayed on the podium during the whole speech and did not move around or use the degree to augment his words. Overall, Kennedy seemed very confident, although a little bit nervous. His posture showed his poise and assurance, though he did not use gestures to supplement or stress his words. Though Kennedy was reading the speech as he had not memorized it, yet he tried to keep as much eye contact as come-at-able with the audience. Since he did not have any distracting mannerisms, his lack of constant eye contact did not play away from the speech.

What is steven pinker's response to media critics who are concerned Essay

What is steven pinkers response to media critics who are concerned about the harmful effects of consuming electronic media do you agree with his argument why or why non - Essay ExampleCurrently, since many perplex accused rising media for lowering intelligence, the level of since should then be reducing. On the contrary, the quality of science has been change magnitude because scientists are making use of new media. Similarly, he argues that other activities related t the human pass such as philosophy and cultural criticisms continue to flourish. Pinker further responds to the critics of new media by pointing out that mother does not necessarily shape the principal because the brain itself is not a blob of clay.1 The brain does not necessarily copy the qualities of whatever it consumes, and therefore the effects of new media will not be as huge as implied by many. Instead of bemoaning technology, Pinker suggests that people should look for ways of exercising self contain when using these new media. This will booster encourage intellectual growth.Having read the article by Pinker, I agree with his arguments relating to the new media technologies. First, new media technologies have helped increase intellectual depth by allowing for multiple approaches to educational activity and learning. This exposes individuals to various forms of information from a variety of sources, which makes people smart. As a student, I have benefited from these new technologies and this has greatly enhanced my familiarity in various fields. For instance, through these technologies, I am able to gear class material with online materials obtained through search engines such as Google. As noted by Pinker, these technologies help us search and retrieve information online using tools such as social media and e-books. As knowledge continues to increase, there is the need to have tools that help in the effective retrieval, processing and storing of such information. Pinker rightful ly argues that our brain power does not increase with increasing knowledge, and therefore such tools come in handy. By sitting behind a computer for instance, one is able to obtain vast volumes of information

Macro economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Macro economics - Assignment Example in high spirits pass judgment of ostentation affect the output of the economy and influence the growth of the economy. A permanent or long lasting flash shock affects the economy on a larger note. On the former(a) hand, the continuous rate of deflation bunks to a persistent decline of prices and affects the economy at large12.With this regard, the assignment elaborates the present cut off of euro zone with respect to the below target inflation rate. The dissimilar consequences that may arise due to deflation subscribe been elaborated in the paper. Furthermore, the different macroeconomic tools that are available to avoid such side effectuate have been detailed.Inflation rates that are prevalent deep down a country help in find the different monetary policies important within an economy. Inflation rates help in determining various conceptions predominant for determining monetary policies of a nation. The monetary policies guide in develop ing different economic frameworks to be determined within an economy. The below target of inflation affects the economy on a whole and has a major impact on the output of a nation. The long run inflation targets are one of the major issues that help in determining the different economic operations of a nation. Inflation rates that are operating in a nation determine the interest rates and the value of money at large. Inflation rates can never be zero, as this would be highly unrealistic and would lead to a larger fall in the value of money within the economy. Both continuous rise and fall in the rate of inflation has adverse effects on overall economy of a nation. Below target inflation, for a continuous rate may lead to a steep fall in GDP and even lead to a fall in the value of money34.With the above mentioned concepts, the below target inflation rate in the Eurozone has been lower than the estimated rate of inflation for a given tenure. This is even noted that the specific moneta ry as well as monetary policies that are

Interdiscuplinary Study in Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Interdiscuplinary Study in Consumer Behaviour EssayWith the ontogeny of a drink downr society, increasing consumer power in the market place, the growth in marketing, advertising, sophisticated consumers, ethical consumption etcetera consumption is recognized as central to modern life. Thus it entails to go into a depth of the polar approaches to consumer behaviour. Many human sciences give a variety of reasons to explain why a consumer behaves in a ill-tempered way in a given situation. Studies of consumption investigate how and why society and individuals consume goods and services, and how this affects society and human relationships. These are found in many social sciences such(prenominal) as economics, psychology, sociology, etc. The present study tries to investigate these theories based on consumption and consumer behaviour and how far these are interlinked as healthful as different from one another. It is also aimed at studying the relevance of these theories with the help of basal selective information and research. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is some interlink between the versatile theories and approaches given by different economists, psychologists and sociologists.The hypothesis framed for the research is that Consumption is greatly square offd by the income factor. The data used in the study was mostly secondary in nature from the internet and reference to some(prenominal) books. The theories of consumption studied for this purpose are the demand possibleness, indifference curve analysis, revealed preference theory, Keynes consumption theory, permanent income hypothesis, relative income hypothesis, life-cycle hypothesis, Maslows Hierarchy of needs, the sociological theories of consumption given by G.Katona, Ruby Turner Norris and the theory of Conspicuous consumption given by Veblen. An attempt has been made to study consumer behaviour with the help of principal(a) data collected from a sample of 40 he ap from 4 categories namely, students, housewives, employees and businessmen. They were asked to rank the different factors that influence their buying behaviour. The influential factors given in the questionnaire were taken from the consumption theories given in economics, sociology as well as psychology as given above.From the analysis of both primary as well as secondary data, it was found that majority of people give importance to their income level. However, it is also found that, besides income factor, people also think about sociological and psychological factors while purchasing a commodity such as security, safety, fashion, advertising, comforts and prestige issues. As given in the Sociological theories of G. Katona and Norris, it was seen after the primary data analysis that the economic theory of consumption lacks such social structural variables.Thus it is concluded that in the construction of any consumption function or theory for a particular product, for a particular class of products, or for consumption in general not either economic or sociological or psychological variable is to be regarded as the key determinant. Different combinations of all these three precede into different statements of consumption functions at different situations and time periods according to the necessity or urgency of the wants.

Narrative Structure and Binary Oppositions Essay Example for Free

Narrative Structure and Binary Oppositions EssayThis essay illustrates the disposition of writing aspects of optical composition because they atomic number 18 grammar of a language. In this chain, we get to know good literature and good poetry is more than words and subject matter, art is more than work outs. The Safaricom Comp twain had to pack the reprobate structure, the mien, and so on push aside make or break a good story. The designer of this in writing(predicate) show the elan the gradeal elements are arranged and this low bearing make or break a good picture idea. The use of design tenets utilize to the visual elements is like visual grammar. In the flat coat of this graphic, the children are playing and happy in school, at the comparable time it is like learning to need and write the language of vision because it develop you with a style of expressing visual ideas, this also helps you to become visual poets. Looking for the visual cause of design pri nciples does non have to limit an artists options because it nooky focus an experimentation and choice making..The six visual elements which includes the disguise, the line, shape, value or tone, texture, volume or form are every(prenominal) display in this fig, startle we think of the elements as the basic visual bodily to this art because it is hard to imagine anything visual without the use of one or more of these elements. While, we think of the principles as was to work with and arrange the elements.See more what is a narrative essayColors are entrancen inside the brain, it is the eyes that have the receptors that tell your brain what you are looking at, in the picture color let onward a lot about this fellowship. The color green was exploded in the visual element to shows their bullheadedness in Kenya and are the safari of Kenya with color used. Secondly, the lines used in the graphic design shows the border steer the page layout and the design is shows the pictur e in a book form. The third thing is the shape which alter this design unique, hitherto in the picture lots of shapes are shown to try you a better spirit about what information its poetry to the audience.Value or tone are shows who the picture was edited well and contrast at the proper level so suit the eyes of the viewers in Kenya , Safaricom had been there for the nation in it start-up. This was the first GSM Company and they had extended throughout the nation, they had brought lots of programs to the Kenyan citizenry.This image tells how the social club is in the front of the Kenyan people and ready to go extra mines for them, in the picture a boy is standing outside of a school fence with smile which means, Safari com company and on the campus there are lots of students and they are playing and dancing which poetry the services that the company Safaricom render to the Kenyan people.In an otherwise aspects of this graphic Safaricom company is promoting education programs, for those street kids out there who their parents doesnt have the hands to sponsor them in school, the gender aspects have to do with promoting sexual gender equal because this have lead to many kids abuse and Safaricom is here in this picture saying am here for a chance. All these are just tell us how media are concern 95% in preaching polities.Some of the design principles or design rules are broken by artist for example Emphasis- says Center of interest. It is about dominance and influence. Most artists put it a bit off center and balance it with roughly minor themes to maintain our interest. Some artists avoid emphasis on purpose. They essential all parts of the work to be equally interesting. Harmony- As in music, complementary layers and/or resultant roles squeeze out join to produce a more attractive exclusively. The composition is complex, exclusively everything calculates to fit with everything else. The whole is better than the sum of its parts. Unity- When nothi ng distracts from the whole, you have unity.Unity without variation can be uninteresting- like campaign on a clear day through Western Kansas on the interstate. Unity with diversity largely has more to offer in both art and in life. Of course some very nominal art can be very claiming and at times even very evocative. Even the guileless landscape in this artwork has a powerful effect. Opposition- uses contrasting visual concepts. That same background of this Safaricom advertizement blue sky landscape becomes very dramatic and expressive when a sun builds in the southwest. Principles can grow out of any artistic device that is used to produce an effect on the viewer. fit is one of the most important things because it is the consideration of the visual weight and importance in this image looks. It is the way of comparing the right and left side of the composition. The boy outside the fence is essentially regular and the other students in the shade background, both sides are simi lar in visual weight and almost mirrored. Because symmetrical balance often looks more stiff and formal, sometimes it is called formal balance. Asymmetrical balance is more interesting, in the picture both sides again are similar in visual weight but not mirrored. It is more casual, moral force, and relaxed feeling so it is often called informal balance.Radial balance is not very vulgar but it is like a daisy image as we see in this picture with everything arranged close to a center. Rose windows of cathedrals also use this design system too. Of course Safaricom, even though was the first communication company doesnt look stiff and formal because we think of fluttering the company as nation number one for freedom and spontaneity. It is a case of subject matter and symbolism overpower formal design effects. This Safaricom image can have many meanings and feeling beyond its radiant feeling. great deal might hate it as telling what they should do with their life and on the other ha nd, many of us cant help thinking about this great company Safaricom. The extraordinarily textured pied the company. Since we have contemplated those thickly expressed colors and textures with their luscious painterly surface, every other company we see try to become an aesthetic experience filled with fruitful sensations.Variety is used in this image by elements changes. Repeating a similar shape but changing the size can give variety and unity at the same time. Keeping the same size, but changing the color can also give variety and unity at the same time. In visual composition, there are many ways you can change something sequence simulate Amorously keeping it the same while the depth is effects, distance, childbedion toward the viewer add interest. Linear perspective in the real word makes things duller and teeny-weeny things brighter, and so on, to make the objects contradict realism. Many artists dont believe in realism even though they could do it if they wanted to. It se ems too boring to them. Realism wouldnt be art for some artists. The way the image repetition is of the visual elements is, one is the size variation that can be applied to shape, form, etc. Notice how size can affect how close or far something can turn out to be from the viewer.Example can be the boy in the close view and the rest of the students in a far view. Which one appears closer? Note how size relationships create depth or space in a composition. Children in first grade can already recognize closer and stimulate based on size even though they wouldnt typically use their pictures unless they were motivated to do so.Repetition can be used on all of the visual elements. If things are repeated without any Shape they can quickly get boring. However repetition with variation can be both interesting and comfortably familiar. Repetition gives dubiousness. While variation can be used with all of the visual elements. See variety above. You can do this with all the elements. Artists do this all the time.Color saturation, sometimes called color intensity or brightness can also gives a feeling or depth and space. Which of these people are farther away in the image? Most second graders can see this effect when they are asked to look for it. These people create the delusion of depth even though they are all the same size.When we analyze artwork we often start with visual effects. We notice something happening. Then we try to routine out why it happens. Motion isnt a principle. It is one of those magic effects when a solace picture has motion. There are lots of ways to get motion. Motion examples sometimes it has to do with orientation. A diagonal line is more dynamic than a horizontal or vertical line. Sometimes motion depends on the character of the element itself. A straight line may be less dynamic than a zigzag or a curving line. A blended are may appear to flowDepth is another magic effect. Illusion and magic are two threads of the same cloth. Example of d epth sometimes the illusion of depth has to do with orientation also, if you want a chairman person to appear further away, you can place them higher on the picture plane. Sometimes the illusion of depth depends on the character of the element itself. A warm color can appear to project and cool color can appear to recede, other things being equal. A light tone (value) can appear to project and dark tone can appear to recede.We can define semiology or semiology as the study of signs. We may not realize it, but in fact semiology can be applied to all sorts of human endeavors, including cinema, theatre, dance, architecture, painting, politics, medicine, history, and religion. That is, we use a variety of gestures (signs) in everyday life to work message to people around us. We should think of messages (or texts) as systems of signs, e.g., lexical, graphic, and so on, which gain their effects via the constant clashes among these systems. For example, the menu we consult in a restaur ant has been drawn up with reference to a structure, but this structure can be filled differently, according to time and place, e.g., breakfast or dinner (Barthes, 1964, p.28).The address of semiological analysis is to identify the principle at work in the message or text, i.e., to determine the palaver or the grammar trying together all the elements.We get a sense of how language works as a system (Barthes, 1983, p.58) if we think of language as a pair of axes or two planes of admixture activity, the vertical plane being the selective principle (vocabulary) and the horizontal dimension being the combinative principle (sentences0. For example, we might select items (words) from various categories in the vertical (associative) dimension, such as kitten, cat, muggy, tom, puss, mouser, sat, rested, crouched and so on, and link them in the horizontal (combinative) plane to formulate statements like the cat sat on the mat. Motivated signs are iconic signs they are characterized by a n atural relation between signifier and intend.A portrait or a photograph is iconic, in that the signifier represents the appearance of the signified. The faithfulness or the accuracy of the representation-the degree to which the signified is re-presented in the signifiedis an inverse measure of how change it is. A realistic portrait (painting) is highly conventionalized this means that to signify the work relies on our experience of the sort of reality it re-presents. A photograph of a street scene communicates easily because of our familiarity with the reality it re-presents. It is important to recognize that in signs of high motivation, the signified is the determine influence, and in signs of low motivation, convention determines the form of the signifier.Finally, after intruding into this design principles and element used to make for information to the viewer, I will conclude by saying the safarcom GSM Company involve themselves in the life on the Kenyan to protect them but a t the sometime media is put in front to shows politics. Safaricom choose this graphic because it explains a lot about the Kenyan cultural society.REFERENCESBarthes, R. (1964). The structuralize Activity. From Essais Critiques (winter) p. 82-88 Fiske, J, (1982). Introductions to communication. LondonMethuen. Jacobson, R. (1960). Linguistics and poetics. In style in language, (ED.) pp.260-265 Williams, R. (1976). Structural. In key words. London Fontana, pp. 253=59

Wrinkle in Time Essay Example for Free

Wrinkle in age EssayIn A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine LEngle (1962), 14- stratum-old Margaret ( meg) Murry finds herself in untune and miserable. Her beloved fetch has disappeared, her five-year-old brother, Charles Wallace, is the object of ridicule, and shes having enormous problems at school. Then, one dark and stormy night, she meets a woman with the odd name of Mrs. Whatsit, who seems to know more than she lets on and who leads one thousand thousand, Charles Wallace, and a popular boy from zillions school, Calvin, 14, on a quest to find trillions father. This quest takes them to other orbiters and into with child(p) danger as they pass behind an evil presence called the Black Thing. The children and their extraterrestrial helpers, Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which, manage to compensate Mr. Murry from a prison planet, but leave Charles Wallace behind during the attempt. Mr. Murry uses a technique called a tesseract in social club to jump from one planet to ano ther to make their escape one time the children free him from his prison cell. rightful(prenominal) because Mr. Murry is greatly inexperienced at tessering, which is how he ended up on a prison planet in the first place, trillion is almost killed.Once she recovers, she understands that only she can return to the prison planet by herself to rescue Charles Wallace because the two of them are very close. In the end, Meg is successful and the family is reunited back on Earth. I decided to select this book for my fictional character review because I remember no other book from my childhood enchanting me the way A Wrinkle in Time (LEngle, 1962) did when my ordinal grade teacher read it aloud to us. The opportunity to look at Meg from a antithetical signalise of view intrigued me. Is she gifted? Does she have some winsome of illness?Perhaps she has dysthymic disorder, a kind of low-grade, long-term depression? Does she meet the criteria to be diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Di sorder ( ridiculous)? Looking at the story from this point of view opens up a whole new way of seeing this character, and the task of analyzing what Meg is experiencing and what her spawn and teachers could have done differently to support her is what I hope to accomplish. One thing that the staff at Megs school and even Megs mother have failed to deal with is Megs grief over the loss of her father. Mr. Murry was a physicist who disappeared while doing top secret experiments for the government.Hes been gone for a year, and the government will provide no information about where he is or when, or even if, he will ever return. Megs mother lives in a kind of denial, expecting him back at any time, and so Meg has nowhere to turn to express her grief. She tries to obnubilate her experienceings like her mother does, but they just back up on her as she turns them inward. Perhaps because of this, I feel that Meg fits the criteria for a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder. For a child or a tee n, two or three criteria must be met for a period of at least a year in order to qualify (Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders, 2000, p.311). I believe that Meg meets five of these criteria. Meg for certain suffers from low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy. She calls herself a monster and a delinquent. She thinks that her 10-year-old twin brothers, Sandy and Dennys, are the only everyday ones in the family. She feels her plainness acutely, with her mousy hair, her thick glasses, and her braces, and she compares herself unfavorably to her mother, who is a great beauty. Her teachers also compare her unfavorably to her brilliant parents right to her face. Meg feels that she is doing everything wrong. (LEngle, 1962, p. 7) some other criterion of dysthymia is feelings of pessimism and despair and a kind of hopelessness. Meg has been dropped to the lowest section in her class, and her teachers chastise her frequently for not trying and not being swank enough. Sh e is grieving the loss of her father and his loving support. She is also subjected to nasty town gossip, such as once overhearing a townsperson say, Ive heard that clever people often have subnormal children, and that the unattractive missy was not all thither (LEngle, 1962, p. 13).All of these things have culminated in despair and hopelessness for Meg. She also suffers from immanent feelings of irritability or excessive anger (DSM, 2000, p 775). She talks back to and even shouts at her teachers and her principal, Mr. Jenkins, when they criticize her or bring up her fathers absence. In addition, when a boy a year older and 25 lbs. heavier than she is called Charles Wallace her dumb baby brother, she call on the carpet him up so badly that his mother called to recoil (LEngle, 1962, p. 8). Another symptom of dysthymic disorder is Megs inability to concentrate on her school work.She faithfully does her homework every night, but when she gets to class, she can no longer remember wha t she read. I also feel that Meg meets the criteria established for Oppositional Defiant Disorder, although it is very hard to know exactly how much of an impact her dysthymic disorder has had on her ODD sort since there is often some relationship between the two diagnoses and there are some areas that overlap. With Oppositional Defiant Disorder, there is a pattern of negative, hostile, defiant or disobedient behavior towards adults and/or authority figures that lasts for six months or longer (DSM, 2000, p.100). I feel that Megs ODD manifests in six different ways. The first three criteria suggest that she suffers from ODD because she frequently loses her temper, is quite ticklish or easily annoyed, and she argues with adults who are in authority. At school, as I mentioned before, she talks back to her teachers and to the principal, she gets black and shouts at them, and there was also the incident on the way home from school in which she beat up an older boy. She also has a patt ern of actively refusing to comply with the rules of adults.In this case, Megs mother believes that Meg has set up a mental block about math. For most of her life, Megs parents tested her IQ and played a distribute of math games with her. They know that she is gifted, and they taught her a lot of short cuts in math, so that Meg can actually do math that is two grades higher up her. However, in 9th grade, the grade that Meg is in, the math teacher wants Meg to show her work she wants Meg to do the math the long way so that the teacher can see that Meg knows how she arrived at the result.This annoys Meg to no end as she thinks it is a total waste of her time, so Meg refuses to do it. Another criterion of ODD that Meg meets is doing things on purpose to aggravate other people. For example, when Meg is called into the principals office, Mr. Jenkins starts asking her questions about her missing father. Meg starts shouting at him and when he asks her to keep her voice down, she refuses and just shouts all the louder. Lastly, Meg blames others for her misbehavior. Its the teachers recess, or the principals fault, or the fault of the boy who taunted her.She does not take responsibility for her own actions. Its unfortunate that Meg has not true the mental wellness treatment that she needs. But its important to remember that the setting is 1962, and that the guidelines for these mental health disorders had not yet been established. School officials and teachers were often working in the dark and had no idea how to take problem children like Meg. Her teachers berate her for not trying and the principal tells her that she must face facts about her fathers absence.Megs mother is doing her best to hold her family together in the face of bruise rumors and the loss of the man she loves. Because of her own grief, it no doubt never occurred to her that Meg could use some lord help. In conclusion, one would hope that these days, Megs grief, her dysthymia, and her ODD wou ld be identified by her teachers or her mother, and addressed by the school social worker. She should definitely be receiving help from a mental health professional.If the topic of the loss of her father is too sensitive for Meg to discuss with anyone at school, such as a school psychologist, then she should be offered the chance to talk to someone from another town. As it is, her of import confidant and her emotional rock is her five-year-old brother, Charles Wallace, and although he is smart and mature for his age, he cant bear that burden for her. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistics manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , Text revision). Washington, D. C. American Psychiatric Association. LEngle, M. (1962). A wrinkle in time. New York Farrar, Straus, Giroux.

Interpersonnel Communication Essay Example for Free

Interpersonnel Communication Es secernateI have interviewed two individuals namely, Ana G. and Cleavon I. with regards to my interpersonnel intercourse abilities. They will call about my behavior/attitude towards the following 1) comfort with other cultures 2) listening style ability 3) non-verbal communion style 4) communication gestures that I typically utilize 5) comfort in personal relationship 6) force play displayed or conveyed in the personal relationship I am involved in. The following are excerpts from the essential interview First Interview (Ana G. ) Interviewer (I) Could you divert briefly describe my attitude towards individuals who run short to other cultures?Do I appear to be comfortable around them? Interviewee (Ana G. ) I have been with you for about a course of study already, and being a member of a cultural minority myself, I am apt to say that your treatment towards people like us is beyond belief. You have treated us fairly and you neer showed bia s making it obvious that you are comfortable being with people regardless of their race or culture (Ana G. , 2007). Interviewer (I) Please comment on my listening skills and abilities. Interviewee (Ana G. ). I appreciate the fact that you are an brisk listener (Landsberger, 2007).You focus and you listen for the sake of comprehending whatever it is that the person is talking about (Landsberger, 2007). Interviewer (I) Do I possess both non-verbal ability? Do I exhibit such communication style? Could you please shed light on the communication gesture/s that I typically utilize? Interviewee (Ana G. ) Yes. In fact, I have observed how you establish eye contact towards the people you speak to. Maybe that is the flow rate of communication is regulated (Stein et. al. , n. d. ).This is also why I feel your interest, concern, and tenderness towards me (Ana G., 2007). Interviewee (I) Did you ever feel any comfort in my personal relationship with you? Interviewer (Ana G. ) Yes, indeed, I have felt reassurance as sound that you could be trusted and can be relied upon in times of need (Ana G. , 2007). Interviewee (I) My final question is this, did you ever wait or experience a reason displayed or conveyed in the personal relationship I am involved in? Interviewer (Ana G. ) The fact that I am drawn to speak or listen to you shows the big businessman displayed or conveyed in the personal relationship (Ana G. , 2007).This is the type of power that is not abusive instead it is exceedingly helpful on my part (Ana G. , 2007). Second Interview (Cleavon I. ) Interviewer (I) Could you please briefly describe my attitude towards individuals who belong to other cultures? Do I appear to be comfortable around them? Interviewee (Cleavon I. ) We belong to the same culture, alone I have observed how you deal with those who belong to other cultures. You go along with them very well as if you dont feel any kind of discrimination or intolerance of bias towards them (Cleavon I . , 2007). Interviewer (I) Please comment on my listening skills and abilities.Interviewee (Cleavon I. ) Even if you do not always agree with what others narrate you, I am happy that you still listen in spite of such fact (Cleavon I. , 2007). I am contented enough that you take the time to listen and understand someone elses brass just like what you have done to me in the past few months that we have been working together (Landsberger, 2007). Interviewer (I) Do I possess any non-verbal ability? Do I exhibit such communication style? Could you please shed light on the communication gesture/s that I typically utilize? Interviewee (Cleavon I. ) Of course, you possess such.In fact, you have shown me this countless times already (Cleavon I. , 2007). Your facial expressions which include glad made me feel that you like me somehow, that you are a true person friend to me, and that you are happy conversing with me (Stein et. al. , n. d. ). I know that this is why we always carry out better communication as compared with my confabulation with others (Cleavon I. , 2007). Interviewee (I) Did you ever feel any comfort in my personal relationship with you? Interviewer (Cleavon I. ) Yes, in fact harangue with you and just being with consoles/soothes/relieves me always (Cleavon I., 2007).There has never been a dull moment with you and I greatly appreciate that (Cleavon I, 2007). Interviewee (I) My final question is this, did you ever see or experience a power displayed or conveyed in the personal relationship I am involved in? Interviewer (Cleavon I. ) Yes, I felt that power when you speak to me (Cleavon I. , 2007). You inspire me to great heights that is the power that you have over me (Cleavon I. , 2007).ReferencesAna G. (2007). Personal Interview. Cleavon I. (2007). Personal Interview. Landsberger, J. (2007). ready Listening. Retrieved December 10, 2007 from http//www.studygs.net/listening.htm

Training Roles & Respo Essay Example for Free

Training Roles Respo EssayAssignment 1 Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships of effective trainers The purpose of this assignment is to help you to reserve evidence to satisfy the following outcomes and assessment criteria. LO 1. project ingest role and responsibilities in lifelong learningP 1.1 tot get wind aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to bear role and responsibilitiesP 1.2 Explain own responsibilities for equality and valuing diversityP 1.3 Explain own role and responsibilities in lifelong learningP 1.4 Explain own role and responsibilities in identifying and meeting the needs of learnersLO 2. Understand the relationships between teachers and other schoolmasters in lifelong learningP 2.1 Explain the boundaries between the teach role and other professional rolesP 2.2 Describe points of referral to meet the needs of learnersP 2.3 Summarise own responsibilities in relation to other professionals3. Understand own respo nsibility for maintaining a sound and supportive learning environmentP 3.1 Explain own responsibilities in maintaining a safe and supportive learning environmentP 3.2 Explain ways to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others ScenarioYou have been asked by your supervisor to prepare an important part of the handbook for new teachers in your department. Your tasks are to outline the roles, responsibilities and relationships of teachers teaching your subject. Task 1 Prepare a list of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relevant to your role and responsibilities with the key aspects of each summarised. (P1.1)Task 2 Explain what equality and diversity mean, along with examples of your responsibilities towards meeting them.(P1.2)Task 3 Explain the roles and responsibilities of a teacher in the Lifelong Learning Sector and provide your job description and curriculum vitae.(P1.3)Task 4 Create a list of needs which your students might have. An explanation of how you will identify and meet these needs, establish on your roles and responsibilities as a teacher.(P1.4) Task 5 Compile a list of boundaries that a teacher might encounter. An explanation of what these boundaries are and how they relate to the teaching role and other professionals.(P2.1)Task 6 Make a list of potential needs of students. A description of relevant points of referral and support systems available such as people, agencies, make-ups, websites etc.(P2.2)Task 7 List the teaching responsibilities and summarise these responsibilities in relation to other professionals.(P2.3) Task 8 Explain your own responsibilities towards maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment. Use your job description, relevant organisation policies and procedures to support your answer. Cross reference this to Roles, responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning 1.1 and 1.4.(P3.1)Task 9 Explanation of ways to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others.(P3.2) Sou rces of information Use the notes provide, your own research, job description, rules and regulations of your institute and national and outside(a) legislations, rules and regulations. This brief has been verified as being fit for purpose.

Why Interracial Dating is still not accepted Essay Example for Free

Why Interracial Dating is still not accepted analyseThe instances of different races have always been founding shelter and smart home for them on the U. S territory, still in the last hundred years the quantity of immigrants has increased. Thus, it is no appreciation that straightaway date and marriages amid the representatives of different races have also become more often. The main racial groups that live on the U. S territory, White the Statesns, African Americans and Asian Americans nowadays enter mixed marriages much more often than twoscore or thirty years ago, as nowadays the impact of hearty norms that disap sanction of assorted kin has become much weaker. Thus, the Black vice White, and Asian vice White couples with kids can be seen in every American city. Nevertheless, while racial discrimination has diminished its influence in the marital aspect, new problems have appe bed for the interracial couples, and new societal attitudes developed, which complicate t he life of those, who decided to tie the knot with the representative of the race different than his or hers.The number of people who strongly disapprove of interracial dating has declined since the spunk of the 20th century, but still there ar citizens, who insist that marriages between the representatives of different races should be banned. They excuse their viewpoint by the fear for the future of children born in these kinds of marriages, and by the imbalance in the social and cultural levels of people of different races. Nevertheless, it is not the main reason for the negative attitude towards interracial dating that still exists in the American conjunction.The main cause of disturbance near interracial dating and marriages nowadays is statistical. The history of this phenomenon shows that with the outspread of this kind of marital relationships, the married/single ratios for the representatives of nearly races that live on the U. S territory has changed dramatically. The roots of this change lie in the lop-sided distribution of people in the interracial marriages. Statistics says that if we lambast about marriages between the representatives of different races, than White vice Black and White vice Asian marriages argon the most widespread.The problem is that in most White vice Black marriages black-market men sweep up black-and-blue women, and in White vice Asian couples those are exsanguinous men who have Asian wives. In the 1990 Census, 72 per cent of black- face cloth couples consisted of a black husband and a white wife. In contrast, white-Asian pairs showed the uprise 72 per cent consisted of a white husband and an Asian wife (Sailer, 1997). The 1992 Sex in America study of 3,432 people found that ten times more single white women than single white men reported that their most recent sex partner was black.In 1990, 1. 46 million Asian women were married, compared to only 1. 26 million Asian men. It is obvious that this distribution creates severe problems among African-American women and Asian males, who looking the scarcity of partners within their own race, and have little possibility to find them outside of it. The reason is that marriages between white man and African-American women, as well as between Asian males and white women are rare. African-American vice Asian marriages are even harder to found.Thus, every year the U. S society gets a immense quantity of African-American women, and Asian-American men who are unable to find a partner. No wonder that African-American and Asian American communities arent silent about this problem. Numerous talk shows, books, and movies acquainted the American society with the problems African-American women have. The African-American activists created a feeling in most of the female representatives of this race that white women drop off black man from Afro-American women.This attitude provokes hostility towards white women among the Afro-American ones, and also worsens the attitude towards interracial marriages in the integral society. Asian-American males are also downtrodden by the existing situation. They, in their turn, develop negative attitudes towards white men, who deprive them of the possibility to create families with Asian women. Some researchers propose that to solve this problem white males should be encouraged to marry Afro-American women, and white women be keener on having relationships with Asian males, but the other prove it would be ineffective for purely biological reasons.The thing is that, as the researchers proved, those are mostly hormonal reasons for which black males and Asian females are seen as the most attractive partners. The scientists found out that black men are on average more masculine than the white and Asian ones, while Asian females are the most feminine. In the same time, most men see Afro-American women as less feminine than white females, and Asian males, receivable to their build, are considered to be less masculine.In addition to the biological reasoning, these images are back up and promoted by the media stereotypes, where Afro-American males are depicted as hyper masculine, and Asian women hyper feminine. Nature and society dictates that a somebody should choose a heterosexual partner with the most prominent features of the representative of the opposite gender, thus the Afro-American women and Asian males have problems finding partners, which, in its turn, creates strained attitudes towards interracial dating and marriage in the whole U. S society.The attitudes towards interracial dating and marriages have become much more tolerant in the medieval forty years, but the strain concerning this question still exists in the society. It is mostly caused by the fact that due to social and biological reasons Afro-American females, and Asian males experience problems trying to find a partner, as the considerable part of males and females who belong to their races prefer to have white pa rtners.Works Cited 1. Sailer, S. Is love colorblind? public opinion about interracial marriage. National Review, 1997

Nicomachean Ethics Essay Example for Free

Nicomachean Ethics Essay superannuated Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote the Nicomachean Ethics, portraying the signifi gougece of studying the realms of ethics and policy-making science. In his work, Aristotle focuses on the theme of how military personnel beings derriere attain the chief human verticalhappinessat which everything aims. Aristotle argues that ethics, the study of chaste character, and governmental science, the branch of knowledge and analysis of political activity and behavior, must be closely studied unitedly in order to bountifuly grasp the meaning of and obtain the neat way of life. Aristotle believes that there is besides one goal, one ultimate end for every individualthat is eudaimonia, translated as happiness, not as a feeling but happiness as the highest human good or a life full of activity. He claims that a person should work a way of life distinct from the lives of animals, where they only live for the sake of living or pleasure. 1 As human b eings, people should use their power of livery to communicate and make rational decisions within a polity, striving to live their lives up to their full likely and to their full capacity for a happy life.2 The life of political sympathies, the via activa, is thus the key to the chief good or the best life for valet de chambre however, the life of action must be of certain display case of bore, in accordance with reason, since different actions may lead to the good or the bad life. In other words, a persons actions must be in outline with bete, with virtue or excellence. 3 Possessing virtue is having the ability to realize the good things, and doing them at the right time and the right way to pose things done.Virtues can result to two different ways a good or bad life. For example, president Lincoln versus Adolph Hitlerboth of these men possess the virtue of wisdom, although they have used them disparately, one ending a Civil War in peace and the other manipulating others to killing millions of innocent people. To make it to the good end, Aristotle claims that we must practice virtue by, giving it a certain persona of character or ethical quality to our actions.4 Although human cannot get down virtue by nature alone, nature allows and opens us the capacity to acquire virtue by learning and through exercising them in our lives. 5 By constantly acting with virtue, we cultivate habituation and ultimately we do not need to be self-controlled to do what is just. Instead, we become prone to do what is right willingly and naturally. Activities of good ethics or good moral character are virtues. And so, to best learn and exercise these virtues is by incorporating political science in connection to ethics.Aristotle asserts that the science of politics, the highest insure of science combined with many other sciences, must be very well studied, for it is where moral laws are examined and its end, including the ends of other sciences associated with polit ical science, will be the chief human good of all society. 6 Therefore, Aristotle presents the liking that the realm must play an important role to aim and shape a society of good citizens, incorporating what the good life is the life of virtue.7 The give in must look after its citizens morally, creating a type of society that will allow people to have a political life together consequently, this political life will give them the opportunity and the ability to realize their wide range of capacities and their ideal life. Without the state, earthly concern will not be able to experience the good life, the life of action. They are not self-sufficing enough to work alone, for they need others to be self-sufficient and happy.8 Having a community will give every individual a chance to experience the struggle within the polity, in which he or she can exercise his or her many virtues, whether it be the ability to be courageous in the flavour of danger, the ability to make better judge ments, or the ability to resist pain in the midst of with child(p) criticism. Consequently, they build up their ethos or character, cultivating them to eventually living a happy life. The life of struggle, of politics, is the life where humans can have the chance to develop their full capacities, abilities, and strengths to overcome many hardships and difficulties.9 Having a rigid state does not achieve full satisfaction hence, the state must know what eudaimonia is in order to direct and guide its citizens. It is necessary for the state to study and establish what is just and what is ethics. In this way, the state could inculcate what is moral through laws and education. Acquiring the chief good starts at home. Aristotle argues that a good state support an educational system, for a society that promotes morality is the best way of cultivating habituation in newborn children.10 Having this strong educational system in the state will successfully encourage parents of from each on e household to train their young children in good principles, abiding by the set of moral laws conventional in the community as a result, they will naturally apply their good habits in their workaday lives and ultimately gain the perfect virtuous life. Connecting the study of ethics and political science together can bring the whole society into a healthy life of virtue. Ethics is the key in which politics can utilize and produce a good society.By knowing what is righteous and what is ethics, the state can make the ultimate life of happiness possible for its citizens. Political science plays the role of establishing and enforcing good and moral character through an effective system that can guide and habituate every part and crime syndicate of society. Ultimately, having access to a superfluous life of activity in a way that is in line with reason will let individuals life life to the fullest, of virtue and of happiness.

“The Origin of Species” Response Essay Example for Free

The blood of Species receipt EssayIn The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin painstakingly explores the different character traits exhibited among species. He looks at instinctive excerpt as a way of explaining extinction and adaptation and tries to prove evolution as the main opening of human origin. He states, this whole volume is one long argument (362), and that is exactly what this book is. thither are no definite answers provided to the question of the origin of existence, but instead, many unanswered questions are make up and explored. Darwin argues on the issue of variance, stressing that it is approximately likely that any single species may derive from one park ancestor.He goes on to state that although not everything is kn profess or can be proven well-nigh origin in modern times because of ignorance about current climatic effects on our universe, it is most likely that the Earth itself affects certain groups of descendants of a certain species, making them ext inct, while other migrated groups hatch to thrive. In other words, species who remain in one area are bound to become extinct due to environmental factors, while those who migrate, or move from their homeland may have a breach chance of survival. In doing so, roots become harder to trace, and changes in the species are inevitable due to their new surroundings. Darwin likewise believes that the world has had more than groups of species than we get out ever be able to uncover in our lifetime, so we will never truly know all that walked or lived on the Earth.I am personally interest with Darwins theories, experiments, and unanswered questions. It is intriguing how Darwin questions and test life and the origin of life. Many times in my own life I have wondered about the origin of life and questioned the religious answer versus the scientific answer. It was bold and bold of Darwin to explore this issue the way that he did, especially since he came up with no authorized answers, m erely a very educated and studied argument with sections of admitted ignorance on certain subtopics. The language is super technical and stiff, so it does not make for a very fun read, but erstwhile the reader gets used to the content, it becomes easier. I agree with the concept that only the strong survive and believe that natural selection is inevitable or the world would be uninhabitable.I disagree with Darwins explanations of complex questions, stating things such as, I can answer these questions and grave objections only on the supposition that the geological record is farthermost more imperfect than most geologists believe (365). This weakens his argument, but still allows room for possible validity in his argument. However, it is noble that Darwin stuck to his theory and defended it, despite his lack of ability to actually prove it, Grave as these several(prenominal) difficulties are, in my judgement they do not overthrow the theory of descent with modification (367).From reading The Origin of Species, I learned how complex science can be. I learned that theories need to be well-tried and explored, and whatsoevertimes even if they fail, the original hypothesis remains unchanged. I learned that one must spot the weaknesses in ones own argument in order to make it stronger or more valid and I also learned that sometimes in life, there are no answers some of lifes questions will always remain unanswered.Works CitedDarwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. Spark Publishing immature York. 2003.

The play “Macbeth” Essay Example for Free

The play Macbeth EssayAt the beginning of this exam we read through the play entitle Macbeth so we had an idea of the plot of the play I think this helped us all as to the highest degree of the class had not read this play before and this made us want to learn much of Macbeth.Response Phase.Using still images and narration after we had read the play helped me to understand the play relegate than when I read it as you had a visual aid and could bring down exactly what was going on and having narration in in advance(p) English made it easier to understand as we argon use to Modern English. In order to create three still images with narration successfully we had to think near the relationships in the midst of personas within the play to make sure that the way in which we performed was as accurate as possible as then it made it easier for the audience to understand.When we performed the three still images with narration I found that put emotion in your voice for the narra tion and using conscious doing when changing images was hard and we require some more work on that however I incur that viewing who we were acting towards other(a) characters was easy and the audience knew who we were trying to act as.In the exam we did an exercise called the mirror exercise in this we got into pairs and had to stand facing each other and we had to copy our partners actions and deeds to create an halo and we compared this to characters in the play for exampleWhen Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are arguing about killing the female monarch in our campaign piece we showed how the control of the two switched until Lady Macbeth wins the argument and we showed her higher in this piece showing that she had won the argument.In act 1 scene 3 we learnt through the mirror exercise that Macbeth is easily conk by Lady Macbeth in which he is willing to kill the poof to make his wife adroit and to make him self king this also shows that he is a greedy man.This exercise refl ected upon me greatly as I got to see a different sides to lots of characters which I fell gave our performances a little more and we could perform give away having done this.Hotseating Macbeth helped my understanding of the character much more as you could ask some(prenominal) questions which are unanswered within the text and you could also develop more of a background to the character and that meant you knew more about Macbeth so you could add more into your performances and this was much better than just being told about the character.What we discovered about Macbeth as a result of hotseatingHe is a greedy man.A post thirsty man.Looks out for him self.Trusts his wife.Is loyal to whom he chooses.Is very deceiving.In act 1 scene 7 we used thought tracking, soundscapes and abstract go badment to explore the thoughts and inner turmoil in Macbeths mind and I fell that all f these strategies helped my understanding as I could discover more sides to Macbeths character which enhance d my performance when I was in his role. I discovered in this that Macbeth is a greedy man as he wants to kill a friend and a loyal hirer just so he screw have more power and be crowned king.In separates of three we identified and marked the moment that represented the struggle in Macbeths mind, we identified this moment by reading extracts and finding that moment, we found it as it was significant as it showed Macbeth talking to himself arguing with his conscious not knowing what to do thats why we chose this scene.Following on from this we all created a short movement piece without dialogue to highlight this moment this deepened my understanding and effectiveness of the piece without dialogue as you got to hitch Macbeths facial expressions and how he mat up reflected upon them also you got to think for yourself what he may have been thinking so this helps to understand.Within this whole exam I feel that the mirror exercise helped me most to gain an insight into the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. I think that this whole experience has helped me to understand the life and generation that William Shakespeare wrote this as I can see that it is easy to get away with murders as at that place was no authorities homogeneous the police like we have today which shows it was a dangerous time and a lot has changed since then. Empathy to see and feel someone elses point of view is so important not only for an doer but for society in general as if you do not always see nitty-gritty to eye and you cannot compromise friction among community enter and this is when fights and disagreements all break out so it is important as you can then have a conversation and the tone of your voice can reflect upon that which helps keep the peace.Development Phase.We looked at act 1 scene 3, this is when Macbeth meets the three witches for the first time and also when he is told that he will be Thane of Cawdor and the king, here is how I think Macbeth would have felt a bout this, his thoughts on this life changing newsThane of Cawdor? How can that be there is already a Thane of Cawdor. To be king wow that would be great but how do I achieve that? These women cannot converse truth there is no way this can come true, but what if they speak true and I can become Thane then king ? I must tell my wifeFrom the above in which I have just written I will now bullet point how I feel I would perform the extract aboveMy facial expression would be tense and confused.I would look down just glancing up every so often looking at people until the line beginning These women then look up.Once looking up stare at the three witches.Look at them angrily.Look out in the distance when but what if starts.Confused look again. harvest to the atmosphere of the room quickly as you say I must tell my wife.We used drama to create our own version of act 1 scene 3 we used shore up symbolically within this scene for exampleDrums to create the drum sound in the text, black framew ork to show the darkness of the witchs growing closer towards Macbeth.In this scene we tried to re-create Macbeths temptation when the weird sisters are telling him all him becoming Thane of Cawdor and king as in our group we felt that it was important to show his lust for the titles of Thane and King so we tried to show that the weird sisters are making his lust worse as they say he can be Thane and king so in a group we felt that the weird sisters were responsible for his temptation but also he controls this so in a way they are both responsible for the temptation towards the titles and thought that somehow they could be like a mirror to his own soul as he wants to be Thane and king but does not show it only deep in his soul so they are showing him this and he knows that it what he wants and what he lusts for in his soul. I feel that a twenty first degree Celsius interpretation of the text would be very different to that of Shakespeares age when witchs were considered to be rea l as today people would think nothing of someone expression that they would be Thane and king as there is no such thing as witches known in present times so Macbeth in present time would not be as spooked and as tempted as there is no fear in what they say today.If I could develop this drama through the use of costume, face design, special effects and props I would have used lighting so that every so often when the witches finished a sentence they flashed so it gave the effect of lighting and mystery and to give the atmosphere of storm I would also use black clothes with were ripped and look dirty and for Macbeth I would apply battle clothes like armor as they had just come from battle in this scene.When creating this movement piece from act 1 scene 7 I feel it gave a great intelligence of how Macbeth was feeling and gave an idea of the thoughts going through his mind as he is drawn to what the witches are saying but backs away when in his mind he thinks it may happen and he bec omes overwhelmed with the thought. I feel we could have developed this further by the speed in which Macbeths walks toward the witches and when he backs away as the pace and rhythm of that could make the audience engage more with his thoughts, also using contrasts as in the hush when Macbeth backs away to when he was all excited to hear he will be king when he is very active, using spoken language in this piece may have made this better as some members of the audience may not have fully understood what was going on within this piece.If we were to use our movement piece and turn it into a naturalistic role-play I would design the dot as a dark stormy sky as the witches bring storms and the blackness can mean evil being the witches.Within this role-play I would have to think about spoken language between the characters including gestures and how they should show how they really feel with body language and where the climax of the whole scene should be in order to make it work.Actin g out the text using Shakespeares language was very contest and difficult to master and I would need a lot of time to get it perfect. If I had a week to rehearse a scene I would pick the very first one in the play when you meet the witches for the first time as I think this sets the scene for the rest of the play, in this I would use my voice to project over the whole of the stage when needed to create a sense of the witches being mysterious and my body language would be very bizarre as the witches move like this to create a strange atmosphere.

Depression Essay Example for Free

Depression EssayWhile similar, unipolar picture and bipolar unhinge develop different struggles in individuals who possess them. Unipolar f solelying off is characterized hardly by bouts of depression symptoms, while people with bipolar disorder acquaintance the same symptoms in faction with cycles of madness. There are many biological and mental theories of the causes of unipolar depression, but bipolar disorder has for the approximately part been studied biologically. Finally, unipolar depression can be treated with medication, therapy, or a confederacy of both, but bipolar disorder cannot be successfully be treated with psychotherapy alone. Unipolar depression has many possible underlying causes. First, stressful events often occur before an individual acquires unipolar depression. biologic factors include inheriteds, biochemical factors, psyche anatomy, and brain circuits. Upon examination of the family tree of individuals who suffer from unipolar disorder, r esearchers found that up to 20% of their family struggled with it as well in comparison to 10% of the general population, showing a catching relationship.Twin studies have shown a 46% incidence of unipolar depression in an identical gibe whose sibling suffered from unipolar depression, and only a 20% incidence in fraternal twins, and several genes have been associated with the occurrence of the disorder. The first biochemical factor playing a part in unipolar depression is low activity of the neurotransmitter chemicals norepinephrine and serotonin. Overproduction of the hormone cortisol, normally produced during stressful situations, has excessively been linked to unipolar depression, along with some tentative theories about chemical deficiencies within neurons.The brain anatomy factors beginning to be seen as influencing unipolar depression are the dysfunction of brain circuits involving the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and Brodmann Area 25. First of the psychologic al factors influencing unipolar depression is that influenced by Freud and Abraham it occurs when relationships leave an individual feeling unsafe and insecure. Next, the dwindling of positive rewards in life may reduce constructive styles, causing a circle that may be a factor in unipolar depression. Third, viewing events in disconfirming ways may lead to having this disorder.Finally, gender, cultural, and heathenish background may also play a part in the development of unipolar depression. more than of the research into the causes for bipolar disorder is biological. Low serotonin combined with low norepinephrine is thought to cause unipolar depression, but low serotonin and norepinephrine over activity has been linked to bipolar disorder. out-migration of ions in the brain happening too quickly and slowly is theorized to cause depression and mania, and abnormal brain structures such as a small basal ganglia or cerebellum has been connected to bipolar disorder.Finally, family pedigree and genetic linkage studies have shown a relationship between genetics and a predisposition to developing bipolar disorder. Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder are both conceit disorders, however individuals suffering from them record different symptoms. Unipolar depression is when an individual only suffers from depression, and they return to a nearly normal modality when it lifts. Symptoms can range from moderate to severe, although the moderate symptoms may still not allow the individual to experience much pleasure.Crying spells often result from unipolar depression because of the feelings of being miserable, empty, and humiliated. Sense of humor reduces and it becomes thorny to experience pleasure, some snips becoming incapable of experiencing pleasure at all. Unipolar depression can also cause anxiety, anger, and agitation. Motivational symptoms include lack of desire to complete everyday tasks, and a reduced sideline in life and desire to commit suicide are rough-cut.Depressed people may additionally become less active and productive, stay in bed, speak more slowly, spend more time alone, and hold extremely negative views of themselves. Unipolar depression can cause physical symptoms, the most common being a reduction of appetite and sleep. Those with bipolar disorder experience the same symptoms as unipolar depression during their depressive periods, but also experience manic periods bring a whole new castigate of symptoms. The first symptom of mania is having feelings that are not proportional to the triggering event.Next, manic episodes bring about a need for excitement. Many projects may get started with little of them finished, and there is no awareness of the overwhelming genius of favorable style. Behavior during a manic episode often involves quick movements, loud speech, and odd behavior such as giving money to strangers or getting involved in dangerous activities. Finally, mania also causes poor judgment and planning, in flated self-esteem, and extreme energy. Biological discourses for unipolar depression include electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, antidepressant drugs, and brain stimulation.ECT delivers volts of electricity through the brain, causing brain seizures that can be therapeutic. monoamine oxidase inhibitors are an example of antidepressant drugs used to treat unipolar depression they block the breakdown of norepinephrine, change magnitude its activity and reducing symptoms. Tricyclics block the neuron reuptake process, increasing neurotransmitter activity, and SSRIs can ontogeny serotonin and norepinephrine activity. Vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and deep brain stimulation are all brain stimulation techniques also used to treat unipolar depression.Psychodynamic interpositions for unipolar depression include conglomerate methods of free association, and behavior treatments add pleasurable activities to a clients life, rewards pleasurable events, and train s clients in social skills. Cognitive treatment is a cognitive-behavioral therapy, using behavioral methods in combination with trying to change negative thinking. Finally, sociocultural treatments include interpersonal therapy, couple therapy, and cultural-sensitive approaches. Treatment for bipolar disorder includes the use of lithium, other mood stabilizers, and adjunctive psychotherapy.Lithium and other mood stabilizers are more effective in treating manic episodes, though they also treat depressive episodes. However, exactly how they work is not fully known. Antidepressants can be used in combination with the mood stabilizers, but there is an unfavorable cost/benefit ratio for antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression when used alone. (S, Rosenquist, Ko, Baldassano, 2004). Psychotherapy is used in addition to mood stabilizing medication to increase the likelihood of their success, but it is rarely effective as a treatment on its own.In conclusion, bipolar disorder is like an extended version of unipolar depression, as those with bipolar disorder experience depressive symptoms in addition to their episodes of manic symptoms. There is not one blanket cause for either disorder rather each individual case must be evaluated separately and receive its own treatment plan. Unipolar depression has more treatment options because therapy or medication is not always required, but a combination of medication and therapy is usually most successful in treating both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression.