Magical Realism :: Latin American Literature Essays

Magical RealismIt is a long and unusual journey. I still wonder what it real numberly is. I read the selections of four wonderful authors and I am still a little confused about the real history and theory of magical realism. I do know that before a person gets into this idea of magical realism, he or she really has to mystify a big imagination and exitingness to learn about it. I guess what I am trying to say is that magical realism depends on who a person is and what a person is willing to believe.I thought that Franz Rohs selection was brief on magical realism. I see where Roh comp atomic number 18d Magical Realism to Expressionism. He came up with variant theories about how to look at certain things in the world. This essay was definitely deep and way out there. He talked about the different ways to represent something. We recognize this world, although now-not only because we have emerged from a dream-we look on it with new eyes(Roh 17). It was not just an everyday word, it h ad to be mystical, magical, fantasized etc. I really do not see how somebody could come up with such an idea. The whole point is he mixes reality with fantasy. In his selection, he talks about the supernatural, things such as aliens that really move some people. Magical Realism plays a major role in issues such as this. People have to go beyond the world and look just a little further. Ones imagination will take them places of which they have never conceive of before. Some people swear up and down that aliens, UFOs, and foreign space ships are not real. How do they know? I guess I will have to stick with Roh on believing in the existence of the supernatural, the magical, and the freaks of nature.Whether I understand completely or not, I think it is really neat how soulfulness can go beyond the unthinkable. That is exactly what Roh does. Some things he talks about I cannot interpret, but I see his outline of it. I do not think there would be any interesting things to look forward to if someone did not use ones imagination and research on things that are mind boggling to the world today. Maybe if more people knew about this magical realism, they would look at things differently.Angel Flores wrote about magical realism in a way that was hard for me to understand.

Nelson Poynter :: essays research papers

Nelson Paul Poynter was the owner of the St. Petersburg Times, in Florida, which for years has enjoyed the reputation as maven of the best newspapers in the United States. Poynter was born in 1903 in Sullivan, Ind., where his father owned several newspapers. In 1912, his father, Paul, bought the St. Petersburg Times and turned it into a family business.     As a young man, Poynter began gaining experience in the newspaper business. He worked as a reporter, editor, advertising salesman and ad director at different newspapers. In 1947, when Poynter bought controlling engagement in the newspaper, the Times began its rise toward excellence. He based his enterprises on "standards of ownership," defining ownership as a "sacred trust and a great claim" in which the owner had responsibilities to the community.      For Nelson Poynter, the standards meant honesty, integrity, aggressive service and financial independence. It also mean t high standards for staff and management to carry out those principles. Poynter led his staff in a statewide campaign against lynching and government mismanagement, and in favor of racial integration and the development of St. Petersburg and other Counties into something more than the sleepy retirement community it for honest-to-god people.     His pro-development crusades included such projects as the Sunshine Skyway Bridge. After his death at 74, the newspaper advocated the construction of what is now known as Tropicana Field. Poynter also was warring in business. In 1971, his newspapers circulation campaign and booming growth in Pinellas County combined to surpass rival Tampa Tribune in circulation, a lead that remains today.      Poynters campaigns resulted in the newspapers showtime Pulitzer Prize in 1964 for public service. The paper won five more Pulitzers, National reporting in 1980,

Pollution Essay: Forests Counter-Act Global Warming :: Environment, Climate Change

An important ecosystem service provided by forests is the ability to counter-act the effects of global warming. Carbon dioxide, a contributing factor to global warming, is taken up by the plants and vegetation contained in forests through and through photosynthesis and the resulting carbon is stored in both living and dead plant biomass. This process, known as carbon sequestration, greatly reduces the potential for global climate change (IPCC 2001). Forest cover also affects the albedo, that is, the proportion of incident solar radiation that is reflected by the earths surface. The dense green sloping canopy of tropical forests have a low albedo when compared with grasslands or deforested areas. This allows for more incident solar radiation to be absorbed and cooler transmission line termperatures (OBrien 1996).Perhaps the most important ecosystem service provided by forests, which is a basic requirement for life, is the supply of disinfect urine. Forests facilitate the storage of clean water through filtering precipitation through the tree canopy. This, in effect, slows the rate at which precipitation collects at the ground surface allowing it to remain unsaturated. It is estimated that over 2/3 of the clean water supply is United States is contained within stream water, which was filtered through forests, with a direct value exceeding $27 billion per year (Snail 2009). This clean water can be captured and stored in watersheds that in turn, can be used for variety of purposes including agriculture, municipal drinking water, recreational activities and habitat for wildlife. Global forests provide habitat for wildlife, which in turn, contribute to the maintenance of ecological processes. Wildlife is directly utilized by humans for hunting, observation and ecotourism. However wildlife is considered an important ecosystem service because of its indirect contribution to many an(prenominal) other ecological processes. Wildlife plays an important role in the p ollination and seed dispersal of crops. Eighty percent of the world 1,330 cultivated crop species are pollinated by wild pollinators who typically live in forested regions (Abroamorvitz 1997). Additionally wildlife plays an important role in biologically controlling pest populations, specifically in forest species (Snail 2009). Works CitedWiersum, K.F. 1984. Surface erosion under various tropical agroforestry systems. In OLoughlin, C.L. and Pearce, A.J. (eds.) Proceedings Symposium on Effects of Forest Land Use on Erosion and Slope Stability.

Rainman Essay -- Art

Rain cosmosThe film rain man is set with two very different characters. That of Charlie, a fast-talking, money hungry con-artist, and Raymond, Charlies autistic brother. The film is ab tabu change and the building of a friendship and brotherhood. The focus chosen is about the relationship between Raymond and Charlie, as they leave on an adventure that will change the lives of both men.At the very start of the film Charlie talks about the rain man he says the rain man will come and make everything better again Charlie is emotionally unstable at the beginning of the film as his father had just past out-of-door and he had been left basically nothing of a three million dollar estate. This estate has been left to a beneficiary and later Charlie found out that this man was actually his brother Raymond. Charlie conceptualizes that Raymond is stupid so he yells at him a lot. Charlie leads Ray away from Wallbrook with him, while the fight for the money continued. Charlie doesnt think of any one but himself and doesnt understand that someone with autism needs a routine. This routine is all they have to try to feel safe about themselves. This is shown when Charlie is ordering dinner and the takeaway store does not have what Raymond wants so Charlie says, bring the closest thing. Charlie doesnt here peoples needs, just ignores them, and goes on with what he was doing. When Ray tells Charlie that he needs a book to read Charlie throws him the phone book. The next morning at breakfas...

The Portrayal of Socially Destructive and Over-Ambitious Richard, in Sh

Richard, the main roughage of the Shakespeares play, Richard III is portrayed as socially destructive and politically over-ambitious. His destructive potential difference is depicted by the way he relates with the other protagonists in the play and also by what he confesses as his intentions. Richards political ambition is revealed done his strategic calculations based on the order of birth in his York family which puts him third away from the throne. Ahead of him is his elder brother, George Clarence, a barrier which will have to eradicate. His brother, baron Edward, is a nonher political barrier, by simply being alive, in power and equally by being the father of the two young princes . Richards creates a political mistrust between his two brothers without directly implicating himself to clear his way to power.The main objective of this essay is to show how well Richard fits the figure of vice oddball in the Shakespeares play. We are going to examine this aspect of Richard from two dimensions. First of all, through his expressed intentions, motivations and deeds. Secondly, through what other characters accuse him of and their attitudes towards him. It will not be possible for us to revisit each character and how he or she relates with Richard. However, Anne, Margaret, the Duchess of York, citizens, the ghosts and finally Richmond will be examined.Richard, the villainFrom the beginning of the play, the character of Richard is depicted as amiss. Thomas Mores account of King Richard states that King Richardwas malicious, wrathful, envious, and, from afore his birth ever forward (More, 200510).King Richards mother, the Duchesse of York is said to have had a hard labour at his birth. Richard is said to have come into the wor... ...ueen Margaret, England will remain in turmoil.ConclusionShakespeare introduces to us a character who is evil jibe to the moral judgement of the moment. He does not respect the social values and norms. For him social taboos such as incest and crimes such as murder cease to be wrong once they become instruments of power. He is Satan incarnated, cunning, greedy and destructive. He has no respect for those who observe social, norms, family ethics and political loyalty.As a King, he governs with terror and assassinates those whose views differ from his. To us he is a dictator. The citizens are scared at the idea of being ruled by him. Their future is doomed with Richard in power. His own relatives and ghost shower him with curses and wants his downfall. Those who remain by his side are governed by fear lest they loose their lives and those of their loved ones.

The Portrayal of Socially Destructive and Over-Ambitious Richard, in Sh

Richard, the main character of the Shakespe bes play, Richard III is portrayed as socially destructive and politically over-ambitious. His destructive potential is depicted by the focusing he relates with the other protagonists in the play and also by what he confesses as his intentions. Richards political ambition is revealed through his strategic calculations based on the order of birth in his York family which puts him third away from the throne. Ahead of him is his elder brother, George Clarence, a barrier which will have to eradicate. His brother, King Edward, is another political barrier, by simply being alive, in power and equally by being the father of the two young princes . Richards creates a political mistrust betwixt his two brothers without directly implicating himself to clear his way to power.The main objective of this essay is to show how well Richard fits the figure of vice character in the Shakespeares play. We are going to examine this aspect of Richard from two dimensions. First of all, through his expressed intentions, motivations and deeds. Secondly, through what other characters accuse him of and their attitudes towards him. It will not be possible for us to revisit each character and how he or she relates with Richard. However, Anne, Margaret, the Duchess of York, citizens, the ghosts and finally Richmond will be examined.Richard, the villainFrom the beginning of the play, the character of Richard is depicted as amiss. doubting Thomas Mores account of King Richard states that King Richardwas malicious, wrathful, envious, and, from afore his birth ever forward (More, 200510).King Richards mother, the Duchesse of York is said to have had a hard labour at his birth. Richard is said to have come into the wor... ...ueen Margaret, England will remain in turmoil.ConclusionShakespeare introduces to us a character who is evil according to the moral judgement of the moment. He does not respect the social values and norms. For him social taboos such as incest and crimes such as murder cease to be wrong once they create instruments of power. He is Satan incarnated, cunning, greedy and destructive. He has no respect for those who observe social, norms, family ethics and political loyalty.As a King, he governs with terror and assassinates those whose views differ from his. To us he is a dictator. The citizens are scared at the idea of being ruled by him. Their future is doomed with Richard in power. His own relatives and ghost cascade him with curses and wants his downfall. Those who remain by his side are governed by fear lest they loose their lives and those of their loved ones.

Malaysia’s Seven Types of Schools

There ar hundreds, if not thousand of cultivates in this world. In Malayansia, we have seven types of schools. They ar Malay schools, Tamil schools, Chinese schools, international schools, private schools, and religious schools. There is only one type of Malay schools and they are the Malay government schools. Malay schools are the most common types of schools in Malaysia. You burn find at least one Malay school in a town. Malay schools are split up into two. They are the Malay primary schools and the Malay secondary schools.Malaysians start their primary school education at the age of seven. They will accordingly be in standard 1 and they will stay until they are in standard 6, which is until they are 12 years old. The seeing year they will go to contrive 1 in the secondary school and they will continue study there until they finish form 5 so that they can go to any college or start work immediately or they can continue to form 6 so that they can go to university immediat ely thereafter.Every school-age child has to sit for the UPSR examination when they are in standard 6, the PMR examination when they are in form 3, the SPM examination when they are in form 5, and the STPM examination when they are in form 6. All the lessons in the primary and secondary schools are, with the exception of the English lesson, are conducted in Malay. There is only one type of Tamil school in Malaysia and they are the government ones. Tamil schools are very much like the Malay schools with the exception that all lessons except English and Malay are in Tamil.Their computer program is a lot like the syllabus of the Malay schools. The only difference is that they have to enter a Malay school when they go to form one. They normally spend a year in a special class after they finish the UPSR examination so that they can cope with the high standard of Malay in the Malay school they will be going to. Then they will they will continue studying at the school like any other stud ent. Chinese schools are very much like Tamil schools. All their lessons except English and Malay are in Chinese. Their syllabus is a lot like the syllabus of the Malay schools.However, they can choose to continue their education in a Chinese secondary school after they finish their UPSR examination or they can choose to go to a special class after the examination and then continue their education in a Malay secondary school. There are two types of international schools, the private ones that follow the British syllabus, and the government ones that follow the Malaysian syllabus. The private international schools can be mainly found in Kuala Lumpur whereas the government ones can be found in almost every(prenominal) state capital.An example of a private international school is the Alice Smith International School in Kuala Lumpur and an example of government international schools is the Sri Utama International School. personal schools are run totally by the school board without any help from the government at all. If they have any problems, they have to overcome it themselves. They take out no funding from the government so they have to get money by whatever means they can. That is why the school fees are very expensive. Their syllabus is basically like the normal syllabus of the government schools. Las,t but definitely not least, is the Islamic religious schools.Islamic students go there to learn slightly their religion and to learn how to speak and write Jawi. They normally study there for six years, but those who are really interested can go to a secondary school that teaches mainly Islam. There they will also learn all the other subjects that normal students do. We should be happy that we are lucky replete to have the luck to go to a school to have an education. There are hundreds if not thousands of children out there who do not have the opportunity to go to school. So my friends do not waste this opportunity. Use it while you can.

Biological Psychology Worksheet Essay

1. What is biological psychology?Biological psychology refers to the field of psychology in which the study of beingnesss actions or behaviors along with inner processes such as emotions, learning, perceptions, memory, and motivation is geared towards a biological standpoint. Biological psychology or biopsychology focuses on the scientific approaches of study on behavior (Pinel, 2009). When biopsychologists study behavior from the biological perspective, they look at aspects such as the nervous system specifically the brain, along with genetics, physiology, and proportional method (McLeod, 2007). Biopsychologists are also referred to as neuroscientists for their contribution to research on behavior and the relation to the nervous system (Pinel, 2009).2. What is the historical development of biological psychology?The historical development of biological psychology can be traced backed to ancient Greeks, but thought to be rebirthed during Renaissance. Credit of the scientific know ledge being resolved is giving to a French philosopher, Rene Descartes. He proposed that although the body and brain are separate units the piece mind influences and controls thought and behavior, as an chronicle to actions of how and wherefore humans behave (Pinel, 2009). Later in history more specifically the 19th century modern biology was born when Charles Darwin provided supporting evidence and an explanation for the ontogenyary opening. Darwins argument held that evolution takes place through indispensable selection (Pinel, 2009). The most recent history is the start of biopsychology in the 20th carbon with credit of its emerge given to D.O. Hebb. His complete and profound accomplishment theory was the first to be create. His theory examined how emotions, thoughts, perceptions, and memories may be influenced from brain activity. Although its history is considered an infant, it has since developed into a major and efficient contributing neuroscientific discipline (Pinel, 2009).3. Name one to three important theorists associated with biological psychology.All three theorists above mentioned Rene Descartes, Charles Darwin, and D.O. Hebb can be denoted as important and influential theorists associated with biological psychology. Because of Descartes contribution dated back to Renaissance, many still today are able to hold the assumption that human behaviors somehow does go beyond the human brain, and not yet physical (Pinel, 2009). Charles Darwins contribution goes beyond just adverted notions and is a monumental theorist. His evolutionary theory and natural selection revelation has been truly ground breaking for the field of psychology in a biological approach. Not only did he suggest the theory he was the first to produce evidence that species evolve, while also being the first in proposing how evolution happens as a result of natural selection (Pinel, 2009). Finally as mentioned, the brilliant and well-known theorist D.O. Hebbs massive and extens ive method to biopsychology has become a trademark to research (Pinel, 2009).4. recognise the kindred between biological psychology and other fields in psychology and neuroscience.Biological psychology can be credited for its contributions not just to its own field of psychology, but also to other fields of psychology and neuroscience as well (Pinel, 2009). Some other fields of psychology that biological psychology is associated to and shares a connection to is comparative psychology and evolutionary psychology. The biological foundations of psychology study the factors of genetics, evolution, and the nervous system (Pinel, 2009). Biological psychology and neuroscience intertwine and in a way form a field of psychology known as biopsychology. Biopsychology is the association between psychological phenomenas and brain activity. Biopsychologists work to combine data and entropy from the other neuroscientific disciplines and then use it to the study of behavior (Pinel, 2009).5. Desc ribe the major underlying assumptions of a biopsychological approach.Major underlying assumptions of biopsychological approach focus on the relationship and connection of psychological phenomenas and brain activity. Assumptions of the approach include how behavior is influenced by the nervous system, specifically the brain, genetics play a role in behavior, and that evolution may also be a factor (Pinel, 2009).

Blood Promise Chapter Thirty

Alberta was waiting for me in the front office of the guardians administrative building. Albertas role as captain here was remarkable considering the lower numbers of women in our ranks. She was in her fifties and one of the toughest women Id met. Her sandy hair was showing most gray, and years of working bring outdoors had wea on that pointd her skin.Welcome stick out, ruddiness, she verbalise, standing up at my approach. She for certain didnt hug me, and her manner was business resembling, plainly the fact that she used my first name was a generous gesture for her. That, and I thought I power saw a sm in each(prenominal) spark of relief and happiness in her eye. Lets go to my office.Id never been in that respect. Any disciplinary issues I had with the guardians were usually languageed in committee. Unsurprisingly, the office was spotless, everything arrange with military efficiency. We sat on opposite sides of her desk, and I braced myself for an interrogation.Rose, she said, leaning toward me. Im going to be blunt with you. Im not going to give you lectures or take up any explanations. Honestly, since you arent my student anymore, I dont ware the right to ask or tell you anything.It was like what Adrian had said. You can lecture, I told her. Ive al miens respected you and want to strike what you wipe out to secern.The ghost of a grin flashed on her face. All right, here it is. You screwed up.Wow. You werent kidding about bluntness.The reasons dont up virgule. You shouldnt convey left. You shouldnt wear dropped out. Your education and training are excessively valuable-no matter how much you debate you bang-and you are too talented to risk throwing a elan your future.I well-nigh laughed. To tell you the truth? Im not sure what my future is anymore.Which is wherefore you need to alumnus.But I dropped out.She snorted. Then drop back inI-what? How?With paperwork. Just like everything else in the world.To be honest, I hadnt known what Id do formerly I got back here. My immediate c oncern was Lissa-to be with her and make sure she was okay. I knew I couldnt officially be her guardian anymore, that Id figured once we were to beginher, no one could blocking her from hanging out with a friend. Id be her hired bodyguard, so to speak, winning of like what Abe had. And in the meantime, Id bum around campus like Adrian.But to enroll again? I I missed a month. Maybe more. My days were scattered. It was the first week of May, and Id left near the end of March, on my birthday.What was that? Five weeks? Almost six? You missed ii years and managed to catch up. I retain faith in you. And tear down out if you have trouble, graduating with low grades is better(p) than not graduating at all.I tried to imagine myself back in this world. Had it real only been a little over a month? Classes day-after-day intrigue how could I just go back to that? How could I snuff it to that life after seeing the way Dimitris family lived, after beingness with Dimitri and losing him-again.Would he have said he passionateness me? I dont know what to say, I told Alberta. This is kind of a lot to take in.Well, you should decide quickly. The sooner youre back in class, the better.Theyll really let me? That was the part I found a little unbelievable.Ill let you, she said. No way am I letting someone like you kibosh away. And now that Lazar is gone well, things are crazy around here. No ones going to give me much trouble in filing the paperwork. Her wry smile slipped a little. And if they do give us any trouble Ive been do to understand that you have a benefactor who can pull a hardly a(prenominal) favors to smooth everything over.A benefactor, I repeated flatly. A benefactor who wears flashy scarves and gold jewelry?She shrugged. No one I know. Dont tear down know his name-only that hell imperil to withhold a considerable donation to the school if you arent let back in. If you want in.Yeah. Deals and unrelentingma il. I was pretty sure I knew who my benefactor was. Give me some time to think about it. Ill decide soon-I promise.She frowned, thoughtful, and hence gave a sharp nod. All right.We both stood up, and she walked me toward the buildings entrance. I glanced over at her. Hey, if I do graduate do you think theres ever any way I could be in line to be Lissas guardian officially again? I know theyve already picked out people for her and that Im in, ah, a bit of disgrace.We stopped by the outer doors, and Alberta counterweighted a hand on her hip. I dont know. We can for sure try. The situations gotten a lot more complicated.Yeah, I know, I said sadly, recalling Tatianas high-handed actions.But, like I said, well do what we can. What I said about graduating with low grades? You wont. Well, perchance in math and science-but thats out of my control. Youll be the best among the novices, though. Ill work with you myself.Okay, I said, realizing what a concession that was on her part. Thank y ou.I had just stepped outside when she called my name. Rose?I caught the door and glanced back. Yeah?Albertas face was gentle something Id never seen before. Im sorry, she said. Sorry for everything that happened. And that none of us could do anything about it.I saw in her eyes then that she knew about Dimitri and me. I wasnt sure how. Maybe shed heard it after the battle maybe shed guessed beforehand. Regardless, there was no chastisement in her face, only fair sorrow and empathy. I gave her a brief nod of acknowledgment and went outside.I found Christian the next day, but our conversation was brief. He was on his way to meet with some of his trainees and was running late. But he hugged me and seemed genuinely happy to have me back. It showed how far wed come, considering the antagonistic relationship wed had when we first met.About time, he said. Lissa and Adrian get the market share on worrying about you, but theyre not the only ones. And someone needs to put Adrian in his place , you know. I cant do it all the time.Thanks. It kills me to say this, but I missed you too. No ones sarcasm compares to yours in Russia. My amusement faded. But since you mentioned Lissa-No, no. He held up his hand by way of protest, face hardening. I knew you were going to go there.Christian She loves you. You know that what happened wasnt her fault-I know that, he interrupted. But it doesnt mean it didnt hurt. Rose, I know its in your disposition to rush in and say what everyone else is afraid to, but please not this time. I need time to figure things out.I had to bite back a lot of comments. Lissa had mentioned Christian in our talk yesterday. What had happened between them was one of her biggest regrets-probably the thing she hated Avery the most for. Lissa precious to approach him and make up, but hed kept his distance. And yes, he was right. It wasnt my place to rush in-yet. But I did need them to fix this.So I respected his wishes and simply nodded. Okay. For now.My brave out words make his smile go a little. Thanks. Look, Ive got to head off. If you ever want to show these kids how to kick ass the old-fashioned way, come by sometime. Jill would pass out if she saw you again.I told him I would and let him go on his way, seeing as I had places to be. No way was I unblemished with him, though.I had a dinner date with Adrian and Lissa, up in one of the lounges in guest housing. Talking to Christian had made me late, and I hurried by dint of the buildings lobby, barely taking note of my surroundings.Always in a rush, a voice said. Its a wonder anyone can get you to stop moving.I came to a halt and turned, my eyes wide. MomShe stood leaning against the wall, gird pass, with her cropped auburn hair as curly and messy as ever. Her face, weathered like Albertas from being out in the elements, was alter with relief and-love. There was no anger, no condemnation. I had never been so happy to see her in my life.I was in her arms in an instant, resting my h ead on her chest even though she was shorter than me.Rose, Rose, she said into my hair. Dont ever do this again. delight.I pulled back and anticipateed at her face, astonished to see tears spilling from her eyes. I had seen my overprotect tear up in the wake of the attack on the school, but never, never had I seen her outright cry. Certainly not over me. It made me want to cry too, and I uselessly tried to dry her face with Abes scarf.No, no, its okay. Dont cry, I said, taking on an odd role reversal. Im sorry. I wont do it again. I missed you so much.It was true. I love Olena Belikova. I thought she was kind and wonderful and would cherish the memories of her comforting me about Dimitri and always going out of her way to feed me. In other life, she could have been my mother-in-law. In this one, I would always regard her as a kind of foster mother.But she wasnt my real mother. Janine Hathaway was. And standing there with her, I was happy-so, so happy-that I was her daughter. She wasnt perfect, but no one was, as I was learning. She was, however, good and brave and fierce and compassionate-and I think she understood me more than I realized some time. If I could be half the woman she was, my life would be well spent.I was so worried, she told me, recovering herself. Where did you go-I mean, I know now you were in Russia but why?I thought I swallowed and again saw Dimitri with my transfix in his chest. Well, there was something I had to do. I thought I had to do it on my own. I wasnt sure about that last part now. True, I had accomplished my goal on my own, but I was realizing now how many people loved me and were with me. Who knew how otherwise things aptitude have turned out if Id asked for help? Maybe it would have been easier.I have a lot of gather upions, she warned.Her voice had toughened, and I smiled in smart of myself. Now she was back to the Janine Hathaway I knew. And I loved her for it. Her eyes flitted to my face and then to my neck, and I s aw her stiffen. For a panicked moment, I wondered if Oksana had missed heal one of the bite marks.The thought of my mother seeing what Id lowered myself to in Siberia made my heart stop.Instead, she reached out and touched the bright colors of the cashmere scarf, her face filled with wonder as much as shock. This this is Ibrahims scarf its a family heirloomNo, it be aches to this mobster guy named AbeI stopped as soon as the name crossed my lips. Abe. Ibrahim. Hearing them both out loud made me realize how similar they were. Abe Abe was short for Abraham in English. Abraham, Ibrahim. There was only a slight variation in the vowels. Abraham was a common enough name in the U.S., but Id heard Ibrahim only once before, spoken in scorn by Queen Tatiana when referring to someone my mother had been involved withMom, I said disbelievingly. You know Abe.She was still touching the scarf, eyes filled with emotion once more-but a different kind than shed had for me. Yes, Rose. I know him.Pleas e dont tell me Oh, man. Why couldnt I have been an illegitimate half-royal like Robert Doru? Or even the mail-mans daughter? Please dont tell me Abe is my fatherShe didnt have to tell me. It was all over her face, her expression dreamily recalling some other time and place-some time and place that had undoubtedly involved my conception. Ugh.Oh God, I said. Im Zmeys daughter. Zmey Junior. Zmeyette, even.That got her attention. She looked up at me. What on earth are you talking about?Nothing, I said. I was stunned, trying desperately to assimilate this new piece of data into my worldview. I summoned a picture of that sly, bearded face, trying to hunt down family resemblance. Everyone said my facial features were like my moms when she was younger but my coloring, the dark hair and eyes yes, that was the same as Abes. Id always known my father was Turkish. That was Abes mystery accent, the one not Russian but still foreign to my ears. Ibrahim must be the Turkish version of Abraham.How? I asked. How in the world did you get involved with someone like that?She looked offended. Ibrahim is a wonderful man. You dont know him like I do.Obviously. I hesitated. Mom you must know. What is it that Abe does for a living?Hes a businessman. And he knows and does favors for a lot of people, which is why he has the influence he does.But what kind of business? Ive heard its illegal. Its not oh God. Please tell me he isnt selling blood whores or something.What? She looked shocked. No. Of course not.But he is doing illegal things.Whos to say? Hes never actually been caught for anything illegal.I swear, you almost sounded like you were trying to make a joke. I never would have expect her to defend a criminal, but I knew better than most how love could drive us to crazy acts.If he wants to tell you, hell tell you. End of story, Rose. Besides, you certainly keep your share of secrets too. You two have a lot in common.Are you kidding? Hes arrogant, sarcastic, likes to intimidate people , and-oh. Okay. Maybe she had a point.A small half-smile played upon her lips. I never really expected you to meet this way. I never expected you to meet, period. We both thought itd be best if he wasnt in your life.A new thought occurred to me. It was you, wasnt it? You hired him to find me.What? I contacted him when you went missing but I certainly didnt hire him.Then who did? I wondered. He said he was working for someone.Her lovestruck, reminiscent smile turned wry. Rose, Ibrahim Mazur doesnt work for anyone. Hes not the kind of someone you can hire.But he said wait. Why was he adjacent me? Are you saying he was lying?Well, she admitted, it wouldnt be the first time. If he was following you, it wasnt because anyone was making him or paying him. He did it because he wanted to. He wanted to find you and make sure you were okay. He made sure all his contacts knew to look out for you.I replayed my brief history with Abe. Shadowy, taunting, infuriating. But hed driven out into the night to get me when Id been attacked, been adamant in his goal to get me back to school and safety, and had apparently gifted me with an heirloom because he thought Id get cold on my way home. Hes a wonderful man, my mother had said.I supposed there were worse fathers to have.Rose, there you are. Whats taking so immense? My mom and I turned as Lissa entered the lobby, her face lighting up when she saw me. Come on both of you. The foods going to get cold. And you wont believe what Adrian got.My mom and I exchanged a quick look, neither of us needing to speak. We had a long conversation forward of us, but it would have to wait.I have no idea how Adrian had arranged it, but when we got to the lounge, there was Chinese food set up. The Academy almost never served it, and even then, it just never tasted right. But this was the good stuff. Bowls and bowls of sweet-and-sour chicken and egg foo young. In a corner garbage can, I saw some restaurant takeout cartons with an address in Misso ula printed on the side.How the hell did you get that here? I demanded. Not only that, it was still warm.Dont question these things, Rose, said Adrian, loading up his plate with pork fried rice. He seemed very cheering with himself. Just roll with it.Once Alberta gets your paperwork settled, well eat like this every day.I stopped mid-bite. How do you know about that?He merely winked. When you have nothing to do but hang out on campus all the time, you kind of pick things up.Lissa glanced between the two of us. Shed been in class all day, and we hadnt had much time to talk. Whats this?Alberta wants me to enroll again and graduate, I explained.Lissa nearly dropped her plate. Then do itMy mother looked equally startled. Shell let you?Thats what she told me, I said.Then do it my mother exclaimed.You know, mused Adrian, I kind of liked the idea of us going on the road together.Whatever, I shot back. You probably wouldnt let me drive.Stop this. My mother was firmly back to her old self, no grief over her daughters departure or wistfulness for a woolly-headed lover. You need to take this seriously. Your futures at spot. She nodded toward Lissa. Her futures at stake. Finishing your education here and going on to be a guardian is the-Yes, I said.Yes? she asked, puzzled.I smiled. Yes, I agree.You agree with me? I dont think my mom could ever recall that happening. Neither could I, for that matter.Yup. Ill take the trials, graduate, and become as respectable a member of society as I can. Not that it sounds like much fun, I teased. I kept my tone light, but inside, I knew I needed this. I needed to be back with people who loved me. I needed a new purpose, or else I would never get over Dimitri. I would never stop seeing his face or hearing his voice.Beside me, Lissa gasped and clasped her hands together. Her joy flooded into me. Adrian didnt wear his emotions as openly, but I could see he too was pleased at having me around. My mom still looked kind of stunned. I think she was used to me being unreasonable-which, usually, I was.Youll really stay? she asked.Good God. I laughed. How many times do I have to say it? Yes, Ill go back to school.And stay? she prompted. The full two and a half months?Isnt that implied?Her face was hard-and very mom like. I want to know for sure you arent going to up and run away again. Youll stay and finish school no matter what? Stay until you graduate? Do you promise?I met her eyes, surprised at her intensity. Yes, yes. I promise.Excellent, she said. Youll be glad you did this down the road. Her words were guardian-formal, but in her eyes, I saw love and joy.We finished dinner and helped stack dishes for the buildings cleaning service. While scraping uneaten food into a trash can, I felt up Adrian beside me.This is very domestic of you, he said. Its kind of hot, really. plentiful me all sorts of fantasies about you in an apron vacuuming my house.Oh, Adrian, how Ive missed you, I said with an eye roll. I dont suppose youre helping?Nah. I helped when I ate everything on my plate. No mess that way. He paused. And yes, youre welcome.I laughed. You know, its a good thing you didnt say much when I promised Mom Id stay here. I might have decided otherwise.Not sure if you could have stood up to her. Your mom seems like someone who gets her way a lot. He cast a covert look to where Lissa and my mom stood talking across the room. He lowered his voice. It must run in the family. In fact, maybe I should get her help on something. acquire a hold of illegal cigarettes?Asking her daughter out.I nearly dropped the plate I held. Youve asked me out tons of times.Not really. Ive made inappropriate suggestions and ofttimes pushed for nudity. But Ive never asked you out on a real date. And, if memory serves, you did say youd give me a fair chance once I let you clean out my trust fund.I didnt clean it out, I scoffed.But standing there, looking at him, I remembered that I had said that if I survived my quest for Dim itri, Id give Adrian a shot. I would have said anything to get the money I needed then, but now, I saw Adrian through new eyes. I wasnt ready to marry him by any stretch of the imagination, nor did I fully consider him reliable boyfriend material. I didnt even know if I wanted a boyfriend ever. But he had been a good friend to me and everyone else throughout all of this chaos. Hed been kind and steady, and yeah, I couldnt deny it even with a weaken black eye, he was still extraordinarily handsome.And while it shouldnt have mattered, Lissa had gotten it out from him that a lot of his infatuation with Avery had been compulsion-induced. Hed liked her and hadnt been ruling out a romanticistic attachment, but her powers had cranked up the intensity more than he actually felt. Or so he claimed. If I were a guy and all that had happened to me, Id probably say Id been under the influence of magic too.Yet from the way he looked at me now, I found it hard to believe anyone had taken my plac e for him in this last month or so.Make me an unfold, I said at last. Write it up, and give me a point-by-point outline of why youre a good would-be suitor.He started to laugh, then saw my face. Seriously? Thats like homework. Theres a reason Im not in college.I snapped my fingers. Get to it, Ivashkov. I want to see you put in a good days work.I expected a joke or a brush-off until later, but instead, he said, Okay.Okay? Now I felt like my mom had earlier, when Id quickly agreed with her.Yep. Im going to go back to my room right now to start drafting my assignment.I stared incredulously as he reached for his coat. I had never seen Adrian survive that fast when any kind of labor was involved. Oh no. What had I gotten myself into?He suddenly paused and reached into his coat pocket with an exasperate smile. Actually, I already practically wrote you an essay. Nearly forgot.He produced a piece of folded paper and waved it in the air. You have got to get your own phone. Im not going to be your secretary anymore.What is that?Some foreign guy called me earlier said my number was in his phones memory. Again, Adrian eyed Lissa and my mom. They were still deep in conversation. He said he had a message for you and didnt want me to tell anyone else. He made me write it out and read it back to him. Youre the only person Id do that for, you know. I think Im going to mention it when I write up my dating proposal.Will you just hand it over?He gave me the note with a wink, sketched me a bow, and then said goodbye to Lissa and my mom. I kind of wondered if he really was going to go write up a dating proposal. Mostly, my attention was on the note. I had no doubt who had called him. Id used Abes phone to dial Adrian in Novosibirsk and had later told Abe about Adrians financial involvement in my trip. Apparently, my father-ugh, that was still an unreal thought-had decided that made Adrian trustworthy, though I wondered why my mom couldnt have been used as a messenger.I unfolded the note, and it took me a few seconds to decipher Adrians writing. If he did write me a dating proposal, I really hoped he would type it. The note readSent a message to Roberts brother. He told me there was nothing I could bye that would make him reveal Roberts location-and believe me, I have much to bring home the bacon. But he said as long as he had to spend the rest of his life in there, then the information would die with him. Thought youd like to know.It was hardly the essay Adrian had made it out to be. It was also a bit cryptic, but then, Abe wouldnt want its contents easily understandable to Adrian. To me, the meaning was clear. Roberts brother was original Dashkov. Abe had somehow gotten a message to victor in whatever horrible, remote prison house he was locked away in. (Somehow, it didnt surprise me that Abe could pull that off.) Abe had no doubt attempted one of his trades with Victor in order to find out where Robert was, but Victor had refused. No surprise there e ither. Victor wasnt the most helpful of people, and I couldnt entirely blame him now. The guy was locked up for life in there-in prison. What could anyone offer a condemned man that would really make a difference in his life?I sighed and put the note away, somehow touched that Abe had done this for me, as futile as it was. And again, the same argument came to mind.Even if Victor had given up Roberts location, what did it matter? The farther I got from the events in Russia, the more ridiculous it became to even consider turning a Strigoi back to his original form. Only true death could free them, only deathMy moms voice saved me before I could begin reliving the bridge scene once more in my head. She told me she had to leave but promised wed talk later. As soon as she was gone, Lissa and I made sure everything was set in the lounge before heading off to my room. She and I still had a lot of talking to do too. We went upstairs, and I wondered when theyd move me out of guest housing an d back to the dorm. Probably whenever Alberta finished with the red tape. It still seemed impossible to accept that I was going to be able to return to my old life and move on from all that had happened in the last month or so.Did Adrian give you a love note? Lissa asked me. Her voice was teasing, but through the bond, I knew she still worried about me grieving for Dimitri.Not yet, I said. Ill explain later.Outside my room, one of the building attendants was just about to shock on the door. When she saw me, she held out a thick padded envelope. I was just bringing this to you. It arrived in todays mail.Thanks, I said.I took it from her and looked at it. My name and St. Vladimirs address were printed in neat writing, which I found odd, since my arrival here had been sudden. There was no return address, but it bore Russian postmarks and delivery through world(a) overnight mail.Do you know who its from? Lissa asked once the woman was gone.I dont know. I met a lot of people in Russia. It could have been from Olena, Mark, or Sydney. Yet something I couldnt quite explain set my senses on high alert.I tore open one side and reached in. My hand closed around something cold and metallic. I knew before I even pulled it out what it was. It was a silver stake.Oh God, I said I rolled the stake around, running my finger over the inscribe geometric pattern at its base. There was no question. One-of-a-kind. This was the stake Id taken from the vault in Galinas house. The one Id Why would someone send you a stake? asked Lissa.I didnt answer and instead pulled out the envelopes next item a small note card. There, in handwriting I knew all too well, wasYou forgot another lesson Never turn your back until you know your enemy is dead. Looks like well have to go over the lesson again the next time I see you-which go away be soon.Love, D.Oh, I said, nearly dropping the card. This is not good.The world spun for a moment, and I closed my eyes, taking a deep breath. For the hundredt h time, I ran through the events of the night Id escaped from Dimitri. Every other time, my emotions and attention were always on the look on his face when I stabbed him, the sight of his body falling into that black water. Now my mind summoned up the details of the struggle. I recalled how his last-minute dodge had interfered with my shot at his heart. For a moment out there, I hadnt thought Id gotten the stake in hard enough-until Id seen his face go slack and watched him fall.But I really hadnt gotten the stake in hard enough. My first instinct had been right, but things had happened too fast. Hed fallen and then what? Had the stake been loose enough to fall out on its own? Had he been able to pull it out? Had the rivers impact knocked it out? All those practice dummies, all for nothing, I muttered, recalling how Dimitri had drilled me over and over to plunge a stake into the chest so it would get past the ribs and into the heart.Rose, exclaimed Lissa. I had a feeling this wasnt the first time shed said my name. Whats going on?The most important staking of my life and I had messed it up. What would happen now? Looks like well have to go over the lesson again the next time I see you-which will be soon.I didnt know what to feel. Despair that I hadnt released Dimitris soul and effectuate the promise Id secretly made to him? Relief that I hadnt killed the man I loved? And always, always that question Would he have said he loved me if wed had a few moments more?I still had no answers. My emotions were running crazy, and I needed to put them on hold and analyze what I knew here. prime(prenominal) two and a half months. Id promised my mom two and a half months. No action until then.Meanwhile, Dimitri was still out there, still a Strigoi. As long as he was loose in the world, there would be no peace for me. No closure. Looking at that card again, I realized I would have no peace even if I tried to ignore him. I understood the cards message.Dimitri was coming for m e this time. And something told me that I had blown my chance at being turned Strigoi. He was coming to kill me. What had he said when I escaped the manor? That there was no way we could both be live(a) in the world?And yet, maybe we couldWhen I didnt answer her right away, Lissas worry grew. Your face is freaking me out a little. What are you thinking?Do you believe in fairy tales? I asked, looking up into her eyes. Even as I said the words, I could imagine Marks disapproval.What what kind of fairy tales?The kind you arent supposed to redundancy your life on.I dont understand, she said. Im totally lost. Tell me whats going on. What can I do?Two and a half months. I had to stay here for two and a half months-it seemed like forever. But Id promised my mom that I would, and I refused to be rash again-particularly with the stakes so high now. Promises. I was drowning in promises. Id even promised Lissa something.Did you mean it before? You want to go with me on my next crazy quest? N o matter what?Yes. There was no uncertainty or disinclination in the word, no wavering in her steady green eyes. Of course, I wondered if shed feel the same way later when she found out what it was we were going to do.What could anyone offer a condemned man that would really make a difference in his life?Id pondered that earlier, trying to figure out what could get Victor Dashkov to talk. Victor had told Abe there was nothing anyone could offer that would make him give up the information about his brothers alleged ability to restore Strigoi. Victor was serving a life censure no bribe could matter to him anymore. But one thing could, I realized. Freedom. And there was only one way to achieve that.We were going to have to break Victor Dashkov out of prison.But I decided not to mention that to Lissa quite yet.All I knew for now was that I had a fleeting shot at saving Dimitri. Mark had said it was a fairy tale, but I had to take the chance. The question was how long did I have until D imitri came to kill me? How long did I have to figure out if the impossible was actually possible? That was the real issue. Because if Dimitri showed up before I had a chance to find the calculus in this story-Victor-things were going to get ugly. Maybe this whole Robert thing was one big lie, but even if it wasnt well, the clock was ticking. If Dimitri came for me before I could get to Victor and Robert, Id have to fight him again. No question. I couldnt wait for this magical cure. Id have to kill Dimitri for real this time and lose any chance I might have to bring back my prince. Damn.Its a good thing I work well under pressure.

Dividend Growth Model Essay

1. Dividend Growth ModelThe basic assumption in the Dividend Growth Model is that the dividend is expected to grow at a aeonian array. That this step-up rate will not change for the duration of the evaluated period. As a result, this whitethorn skew the resultant for companies that be experiencing rapid growth. The Dividend Growth Model is better suit for those stable companies that fit the ideal. Those that are growing quickly or that dont pay dividends do not fit the assumption parameters, and thus this model cannot be used. In this model, a company may not exceed the market growth rate.In addition, since the dividend growth rate is expected to remain constant indefinitely, the some other measures of performance within the company are also expected to maintain the same growth rate. If in the current state, the dividend rate is greater that earnings, in time this model will show a dividend payout greater than the earnings of the company. Conversely, if earnings are growing faster than dividends, the payout rate will converge towards zero.In summary, the Dividend Growth Model works well for those companies growing at a rate equal to or lower than that of the economy and have an established and stable dividend payout.In order to estimate the cost of equity development the Dividend Growth Model, we simply adjust the models equation for estimating the price of a stock, given as suchP = D1 / (r g)Where P = the price of the stockD1 = the expected Dividend in one yearr = the required rate of returng = the expected Growth ConstantBy solving the equation for k we get the succeeding(a)P(r g) = D1r g = D1 / Pr = (D1 / P) + gTherefore in order to estimate the cost of equity done the Dividend Growth Model, we simply add the constant growth rate and the projected dividend yield in one year.2. Capital Asset Pricing ModelThe assumptions used in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are similar in that they assume an almost perfect world scenario.Initially, CA PM assumes that all investors have the same rational expectations of returns, and that these returns are in line with the best prediction for future returns as based on the available information. It also makes the assumption that the dividends are paid normally, that assets are fixed, and that the market is efficient and in equilibrium with no inflation or change in the interest rate. CAPM additionally makes the important assumption that the evaluated stock is properly priced and that the risk level has been properly assessed.Another written report assumption is that there are no taxes, transaction fees, or arbitrage opportunities during the evaluation period. This is a huge assumption which is generally incorrect. Almost all proceeding within the market have some sort of tax or fee associated with it.Within CAPM, the required rate of return is found in the following equationr = rf + B (rm rf)Where r = the required rate of returnrf = the risk free rateB = the stocks Beta orderr m = The Market returnIn essence CAPM evaluates a stock based on its risk and potential return compared to a risk-free market portfolio.3. CAPM and the Modern Portfolio TheoryModern Portfolio Theory is an attempt to balance the risks and rewards of investment portfolios through the use of diversification to lower the risk of the entire portfolio while maintaining high returns. The use of Beta is a key concept in Modern Portfolio Theory. It uses CAPM as its basis to select investments within a portfolio seeking to mix stocks with both positive and negative Betas to construct a portfolio with a minimal Beta for the concourse of stocks as a whole. Theoretically, the returns from stocks with both positive and negative betas do not cancel each other out, but rather the portfolio is constructed that the returns are independent of the other stocks held, yet complimentary in accumulation of returns.4. Estimation of Untraded Stocks.The general standard for estimating the cost of equity of a non-tradedcompany is through the Market Approach. The basis of this overture is that the stocks of publicly traded companies, engaged in the same of comparable business, are a valid indicator of performance for a non-traded company.Under the Market Approach, there are two commonly used valuation methods the Guideline Public Company method, and the Merger and Acquisition Method.The Guideline Public Company method consists of finding a comparable company and applying that companies financial data to the non-traded company. A company chosen to provide a reasonable basis for comparison should ideally be in the same industry as the non-traded company. However, if there are no companies with sufficient data available, as company in a similar industry may be selected. A similar industry should be one that had identical investment characteristics such as markets, growth, and product lines. The difficulty in using this method lies in identifying a public company that is sufficiently compar able.According to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement onStandards for Valuation Services, the following should be considered when using road map companiesA. Price information of the guideline company essential be related to the appropriate underlying financial data of the company evaluatedB. The valuation ratios for the guideline company and the comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative factors should be used together to determine appropriate valuation ratios to be applied to the subject company.C. some(prenominal) valuation ratios may be selected for application to the subject company, and several value indications may be obtained. The appraiser should consider the relative importance accorded to each of the value indications used in arriving at the opinion or conclusion of value.D. To the extent that adjustments for dissimilarities with respect to minority and ascertain, or marketability, have not been made earlier, appropriate adjustment s for these factors must be made, if applicable.The key to obtaining the most accurate results when using the Guideline CompanyMethod is to use the most comparable company as the guideline company. The enveloping(prenominal) to the evaluated company in all areas, the more accurate the result.The merger and eruditeness method evaluates a company based on actual merger and acquisition transactions that involve entire companies or controlling interests in companies. This method may include companies that were all public or private prior to the control transaction. When using this method, all of the underlying information relating to a particular merger or acquisition may not be known. The motives of the buyer or trafficker may cause the transaction amounts to be skewed this will be transparent to the evaluator and can cause an inaccurate evaluation.By using either of the Market Approach methods, it is still a best guess based on the best available information. The more accurate and comparable the comparison study is, the better the resulting evaluation.REFERENCES1. Booth, Laurence. Time to Pass the Old Maid? http//www.investmentreview.com/archives/1999/spring/oldmaid.html2. Damodaran, Aswath. Dividend Discount Models.New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Businesshttp//pages.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/valn2ed/ch13.pdf3. Citizendium.org. Cost of equity.http//en.citizendium.org/wiki/Cost_of_equity4. Ivkovic, Inya. CAPM Where Market Theories Converge and Clash.suite101.com. folk 29, 2007http//investment.suite101.com/article.cfm/capm_assumptions_and_limitations5. Investopedia.com. Financial Concepts Capital Asset Pricing Model.August 2007http//www.investopedia.com/university/concepts/concepts8.asp6. Wallener, Damir. What is Modern Portfolio Theory?http//www.investopedia.com/university/concepts/concepts8.asp7. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). Statement onStandards for Valuation Services.http//bvfls.aicpa.org/NR/rdonlyr es/672E1DD4-2304-47CA-8F34-8C5AA64CB008/0/SSVS_Full_Version.pdf8. Wise, Richard M. Caveats in Using Guideline Company Transactional Data in Valuing a Business.Quarterly Journal of the Business Valuation Committee of the American Society of Appraisers.Vol. 22, zero(prenominal) 1, March 2003http//www.wbbusval.com/english/pdf/BVR4-Caveats-Guideline-Cos-March03.pdf9. Pratt, Shannon P. Business Valuation Body of Knowledge Workbook, 2nd Edition.ISBN 978-0-471-27066-9. Paperback. 192 pages. January 2003

Internship Report on Ific Bank Ltd

1. 1. INTRODUTION Internship is an integral part of BBA program in Rajshahi University. This program is actually a juncture of academic and professional life history dealings. It is for to get some experience of practical work environment and also be familiar with that. It is like job also. For coordinating my internship I have fixed in IFIC fix ltd, Rajshahi Branch. there are number of section. Accordingly I testament work all of the sections. I go away devoted my utmost driving force and attention to learn the bankers functions.After completion of the internship I will render my all knowledge to present the motif on corporate, retail & SME banking section of IFIC bank ltd. The report divided in to five Chapters. 1) Introduction 2) Research methodology 3) Organization 4). swat analysis 5) Conclusion. In the ecesisal part I will incorporate a brief overview of the organizations profile, banks mission ,management structure, HRD, functions, ownership pattern, foreign correspond ents and overseas operations and benefits provided to customers by the organization. Branch operation part will describe the product and service provides to customers by a branch. 1. 2.ORIGIN OF REPORT The BBA program conducted by Rajshahi University was introduced in order to provide a number of fresh pgraduates in business sector this program has been designed to facilitate the students and the executive to provide basic theoretical knowledge and practical in the job activities in the scope of Bangladesh. Since the BBA Program is an integrated, practical and theoretical method of learning, the students of this program are required to have practical exposure in any kind of business organization last term of this course. This report on practical orientation has been originated above thinking. 1. 3 SCOPE OF THE STUDYI have been assigned in the IFIC Bank Limited, Rajshahi branch. And thus pave me the way to get myself familiarized with the banking environment for the first time indee d. I have had an opportunity to gather experience by work. The area of concentration of this report is confined in investigating different aspects of the banking transaction as well as problems and prospects and by this way an endeavor is made to give recommendations for removing the problems. 1. 4 . accusive OF THE STUDY The main objective of internship is to earn practical experience about a definite subject it helps to active real knowledge and experience.This process of acquiring actual experience is called internship. The main objective is to introduce new-ways and means with the present knowledge in the pursuit of the solution of different problems. However, the objectives of internship may be depict in the following ways ? To explore different sides of an institution and judge theoretical knowledge concerning the institution ? To give the fulfillment of practical knowledge too theoretical knowledge ? To show the actual situation of the institution to the public ? To know a bout the present situation of the institutions

Gogol’s Namesake Essay

Immigrants moving to the United States are faced with the pressing question of whether or non to assimilate into American culture. Many of those obscure in diasporic situations feel that adapting to the social norms of their new surroundings is an act of betraying their roots in which their heritage and all pre-existing traditions will be lost. Jhumpa Lahiris novel The Name interest highlights this struggle through the eyes of the Ganguli family.The novel ultimately shows us that one can simultaneously belong to twain cultures, in this case Indian and American culture. Many scholars are hung up on the fact that protagonist Gogol must belong to one culture or the opposite. Heinzes Diasporic Overcoat? suggests that Gogol puts on an overcoat through the switching of his progress to to jibe the switching of his individuation across various relationships and social situations.In doing so, he says by implication one is never totally free of an overcoat, there is no such thing as a pristine and authentic undistinguishableness (Heinze 197-198) This quote demonstrates Heinze taking a stand and stating that there is no fixed identity. I suggest that Gogol does indeed obtain a national and cultural identity.The video of Gogols identity can be viewed as a spectrum that is continuously changing. At one end of the spectrum is his Indian cultural identity and the other is his American. At different points in his life Gogol has different degrees of American and Indian cultures stage within him. So rather than arguing Gogol has no set identity, instead his identity is classified by his dejection along his hybrid cultural spectrum. Other scholars that write on the issues of cultural hybridity focus on the idea that the person involved in diasporic situations are caught some where between their two presumptuousness cultures.The author of an article applying concepts of cultural hybridity in music, particularly Arabian bash states that those with hybrid identities s tool a new imagined community in which cultures may interact and influence each other in a state of co-existence and a third place is created.He defines this third plaza as the inter- the cutting edge of translation and negotiation, the in between space that carries the burden of the meaning of culture (Al-Joulan 640). Rather than universe part of one culture or the other he is saying that identity of ones culture is defined as beingness in this third space. For the sake of my argument Gogols third space is the area on between his Indian culture and American culture. Gogols position in his third space changes atdifferent points in the novel.Gogols birth not only marks the start of his life but it also marks the start of his movement away from the Indian locating of his hybrid cultural spectrum. Although it is clear the presented naming process for the Ganguli baby is one that typically appeals to Bengali tradition, American pressures results in the vanishing of those traditions . Ashimas grandmother has mailed the letter herself, walking with her cane to the post office, her first trip out of the house in a decade. The letter contains one image for a girl, one for a boy.Ashimas grandmother has revealed them to no one. (25) This quote indicates the importance of naming in Bengali tradition, particularly done by an older in the family. The fact that the grandmother is leaving the house for the first time in ten years to personally give ear the letter off shows it is of nifty importance. However, when the letter does not arrive in time, his parents fail to forebode him according to Bengali tradition. For they learn that in America, a baby cannot be released from the hospital without a birth certificate. And that a birth certificate needs a name. (27)The Gangulis must abide to American laws even if it means abandoning essential Bengali traditions and we perk up young Gogols position on the spectrum of two cultures sway away from his Indian-ness. Perhaps this is Lahiris way of communicating to her audience that sacrifices must be do in order to establish a hybrid cultural identity. During the infancy stage of Gogols life another series of events instills his divergence from the Indian side of his identity spectrum.The Gangulis invite their Bengali friends over in celebration of Gogols first consumption of solid food. Gogol is also offered a number of items to represent what profession he will grow to attain. Gogol frowns, and his lower lip trembles. Only then, forced at six months to confront his destiny, does he begin to cry. (40) This quote demonstrates how Gogols refusal to participate in traditional Indian rituals, begins at an early age. He does not reach for any of the items symbolizing his rejection of Indian culture ultimately pushing him further towards American assimilation.Throughout adolescence and early adulthood Gogols movement along the spectrum continues away from the Indian side. During this stage in his life the m ovement is equal through the rejection of his name to mimic his rejection of his Bengali heritage. Despite the fact that the pet name givento him at birth is in fact a Russian name, the concept of having a pet name and good name all together is the Bengali way and not typical for Americans. We see this in Gogols petition to his parents to change his name when he asks Why do I have a pet name in the first place? I dont get it(Lahiri 99).His mother responds simply with Its our way, Gogol. Its what Bengalis do(Lahiri 99). When Gogol is asked by his new college suitemate whether Gogol is his first name or last name, he gives a new answer that is of great significance. Normally that question agitates him.But today he has a new answer. Actually, thats my shopping mall name, Gogol says by way of explanation, sitting with them in the common room to their suite. Nikhil is my first name. It got left out for some reason(Lahiri 103). We know this statement is false overdue to the fact that i n a previous passage of the novel Gogols mother explains to his principle that he does not have a middle name at all, he has a good name and a pet name.In Judith Caesars article about Gogols namesake she says, Although Nikhil is an Indian name, it enables him to try on a sophisticated identity he thinks he wants, sexy, cool, normal(Caesar 110). I believe what Caesar is referring to as normal is in fact more American.making the claim that Gogol is his middle name marks his attempt at appearing like a typical American kid with a first, middle, and last name. In essence he is rejecting his pet name to represent the rejection of his Indian heritage. Conversely the acceptance of this so-called middle name represents his acceptance of American culture continuing his movement away from the Indian side of the spectrum.It is not until the adulthood stage in Gogols life that he comes full circle and begins his movement in the other direction, back towards the Indian side of his hybrid cultur al identity spectrum. The first way in which he does this is through the development of his relationship with Moushumi. Moushumi, being a childhood family friend also of Bengali heritage, first met Gogol as Gogol rather than Nikhil. It is the first time hes been out with a women whos once known him by that other name(Lahiri 193).The fact that Gogol goes through with affecting a girl who already knew his pet name, a Bengali custom, represents a step towards accepting his name and a willingness to begin his movement in the other direction towards his Indian-ness. Ironically the very thing they bond over is their identicalhybrid identity situation. They talk about how they are both routinely assumed to be Greek, Egyptian, Mexican even in this misrendering they are joined (Lahiri 212). incomplete Gogol nor Moushumi ever thought they would date another Bengali due to the fact that it is what their parents had continuously drilled into their heads as their wishes. They know that their b lossoming relationship will interest both their parents, and they each find some comfort in this surprising thought. The reason the two met up after not seeing each other since childhood was a result of a request by Gogols mother. She is the one who suggest he call Moushumi. Gogol proceeding with the call and arranging to meet Moushumi marks the start to his movement and reconnection to his Indian culture.The second way Gogol begins his journey of moving back towards the Indian side, is through his exploration and acceptance of what his pet name meant to his father. In the final chapter of the novel we see adult Gogol returning to his family home in which he goes into his old bedroom, discovering the book by author Nikolai Gogol that his father had given to him years ago.He opens the book to find what his father had written in it For Gogol Ganguli the man who gave you his name, from the man who gave you your name(Lahiri 288). It is only out of respect for his father that he takes t he time to explore what the name meant to him. Had Gogols father not have passed away, he may have again snubbed the book and its significance to his father as he did when he first gifted it to him.This may be Lahiris way of conveying to readers that although it is too little to late in the aspect of reestablishing a relationship with his father, it is not yet too late to reconnect with his Bengali heritage. The moment Gogol begins to read The Overcoat marks just the beginning of his exploration and acceptance of his Bengali heritage and finding its role in the grand scheme of his double-sided identity spectrum.In conclusion we see different degrees of Indian and American culture present within Gogol representing his continuous changing position across his hybrid culture identity or third space. In the early stages of his life we see his divergence from Indian-ness through his parents failure to name him according to Bengali tradition, his own rejection of importantBengali ceremonia l traditions and the rejection of his pet name.Finally in adulthood he begins his journey in the other direction, his journey at exploring at reconnecting with this Indian roots marking the start of his movement back towards Indian-ness.This movement is achieved through his develop relationship with Moushumi, another Bengali-American character, as well as his acceptance to explore the meaning of his name given to him by his father.Works CitedAl-joulan, Nayef. Diana Abu-Jabers Arabian Jazz An Orphic Vision of Hybrid Cultural Identity. Neophilologus 94.4 (2010) 637-52. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 11 Dec. 2012.Heinze, Ruediger. A Diasporic Overcoat? Naming and Affection in Jhumpa Lahiris the Namesake. Journal of Postcolonial Writing 43.2(2007) 191-202. MLA world-wide Bibliography. Web. 11 Dec. 2012.Caesar, Judith. Gogols Namesake Identity and Relationships in Jhumpa Lahiris the Namesake. Atenea 27.1 (2007) 103-19. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 11 Dec. 2012.

Not to Wear Fur

Talal talal lawand 20070313 Case study Q. 1 Describe the structural problems HP had. The structural problems at HP begin with the cosmic string of command where there is no specific cardinal, if there is a problem the employee needs to know how to resolve it if he didnt find a executive program or a manager to solve his problem, he will not get the result that he want and the problem will still be stock so the chain of command is the first structural problem.The second structural problem is Management layers where sales person are too restless handling the management issue instead of doing their job and selling the product to node (33% of their time with customer and the they are solving management issues). The third and structural problem is the most important one, which is the purpose fashioning problem, the decision making job in HP must come from top managers thats have in mind that it must go thru all the chain of command, and with big and important problem that cant wa it for the decision to get from the top, the company will be in too much problem, the decision making at HP must be decentralized.Q. 2 How did Mark Hurd decide to address his companys structural problems? What do you think of his changes? How about the companys executives and sales force? Mark Hurd decided to begin solving all the problems by analyzing which one is most crucial for them and should be solved first. The results were good at the time because he analyzed the problem carefully and chose the right solutions for it. When the relationship between the customer and the company become stronger with time and the customer will become loyal to this company.With a decentralized and faster decision making and less layers of management the name and solving problems will become easier for employees which will help them to perfectionist their job. Q. 3 Would a more mechanistic or a more perfect presidential term be appropriate for HP? Why? First an organic coordinate have a decent ralized decision making policy, in which the decision will be faster with a quicker response, and that will make the customer more happy if his problems are solved quickly and easily, with no rules or regulations were the decision is interpreted according to the situation.If they used the mechanistic structure the employee must abide the company rules and regulations in which there will be a centralize decision making policy, the decision will come from the top management and that will slow him up and the customer will be unsatisfied and unhappy with the company performance. decentralise approach save managers time that he can consume in doing a manager job like putting goals, and strategic strategies.At the end the organic structure will work better for all the parties the manager, employees, and the most important part of an organization the customers. Q. 4 What role do you think organizational structure plays in an organizations effectiveness? Explain. Organizational structure p lays a very important role in the organizations effectiveness and efficiency. Because when the organization have clear and strong structure means everyone know very well what he has to do, what authority he have, to whom he is answerable and what is his or her immenseness within the organization.When an organization dont have a clear structure, were no one will know what his job is, how to do his job, who reports to whom, and from where the decision will be made. All organization members from top to bottom will have difficulties and problems doing their job in the right way, and that will increase the company performance, profit and customers. When your decision is taken quickly and in time, the organization efficiency will increase. And all employees and customers will be happy.

Right Sided Heart Failure Health And Social Care Essay

Hyper thyroidalism has been cognise to do a assortment of cardiovascular manifestations. In recent times, there have been studies of petty(a) pulmonic luxuriously subscriber line pinch in patients with thyrotoxicosis, though in most illustrations this association lead but to a sonant and transeunt lift of comely pulmonic arteria pound per social unit of measurement area. This was commonsly a opportunity happening with bulk non being diagnostic. We hereby show a illustrate, who on entry had the marks and symptoms of properly centre failure and was later diagnosed with pneumonic high birth pressure. With every(prenominal) common secondary causes command out, Graves disease seemed the possible etiology in this patient with elevated thyroid map trial. Treatment of Graves disease with radioiodine therapy in this patient was associated with important autumn in average pneumonic arteria force per unit area.Keywords Pneumonic high blood pressure, Grave s disease, thy rotoxicosis.IntroductionOur instance of a immature female with a anterior history of arthritic bosom disease and mitral regurgitation, presented with grounds of correctly bosom failure. She was put together to hold important pneumonic high blood pressure ( PAH ) with normal left(p) ventricular map which pointed towards an etiology of PAH in the lungs. All the common possible secondary causes of PAH were ruled out but during the probes she was found to hold elevated thyroid map trials compatible with the name of Graves disease. The intervention of Graves disease, ab initio by medicines and later by radioiodine therapy, was associated with a important flow in the pneumonic arteria systolic force per unit area. The intent of this instance study is to sidle up one of the unusual and under-diagnosed presentations of Grave s disease. The association between PAH and thyrotoxicosis was foremost reported in an necropsy instance in 1980. 4 Case PresentationA 30yr old Hindu married fe male, resident of Mumbai, presented with a 2-month history of dyspnoea on effort ( NYHA Class II ) which had worsened to dyspnea at remainder since 2 yearss and pedal hydrops for 2 yearss. She besides had orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and palpitations. Her other(prenominal) and household histories were non-contributory.At presentation, she had piano tachycardia ( bosom rate= 108/min ) , normal blood force per unit area ( 120/70mm of Hg ) , raised JVP ( 8cms. ) , pedal hydrops and a thyroid puffiness. Examination of the thorax revealed hyperdynamic vertex round tangible at 5th intercostal infinite, a diastolic daze, and a left parasternal heaving. On auscultation, she had a loud P2 and a grade 3/6 pan-systolic mutter in the mitral country radiating to the armpit, which increased on termination. She besides had bilateral crackles on lung Fieldss.Her chest X barb revealed megalocardia and outstanding proximal pneumonic arteria. ECG showed right axis divergence, P pulmon ale , and an grounds of right ventricular hypertrophy. Consequences of 2D ECHO included grounds of arthritic bosom disease with mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, terrible pneumonic arteria high blood pressure with systolic force per unit area of 70 millimeter of HgH, normal biventricular map and a left ventricular expulsion separate of 60 % . She underwent work-up for pneumonic high blood pressure with high declaration computed imaging of thorax which showed mild megalocardias without any grounds of parenchymal engagement and a bulky thyroid. Computed tomographic pneumonic angiography showed no grounds of pneumonic thromboembolism. echography of the thyroid showed bulky thyroid with increased vascularity and altered echotexture. Radioiodine uptake scan showed diffuse consumption in thyroid secretory organ.Relevant research lab consequences included serum T3 concentration of 450.93 ng/dL ( normal 70-204 ng/dL ) , T4 concentration of 40.6 ?g/dL ( normal 3.2-12.6 ?g/dL ) and t hyroid-stimulating hormone concentration of & A lt 0.01IU/mL. HIV screen was non-reactive. Auto-antibody screen revealed positive anti-microsomal and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and decrepit positive anti-nuclear antibody ( 1 one C )Patient was ab initio started on Lasix with minimum benefit. After the diagnosing of Graves disease was made, she was started on beta-blockers and carbimazole. Patient was later sent to TATA infirmary for radioiodine therapy. A follow-up after 2 months with repetition 2 D Echocardiography showed pneumonic arteria systolic force per unit area of 45 millimeter of Hg ( important lessening from the old value ) .DiscussionPneumonic arterial high blood pressure ( PAH ) is outlined as a average pneumonic arteria force per unit area ( mPAP ) of & A gt 25 millimeter Hg at remainder or & A gt 30 millimeter Hg after exercising. 1 The etiology is divided into primary or secondary causes. Secondary causes of PAH include cardiac valvular disease, COPD, pneu monic fibrosis, left bosom failure, clogging slumber apnea, pneumonic thrombo-embolism, HIV infection, drugs, toxins and collagen vascular diseases. 3 uncomplicated pneumonic high blood pressure is associated with a bad result, hence, it is necessary to seek for secondary, reversible causes of pneumonic high blood pressure before doing any diagnosing. 3 Haran and co-workers 2 reported a instance of a 33-year-old Asiatic adult male with 2 months of diagnostic Graves disease, echocardiographic grounds of elevated right ventricular systolic force per unit area and normal cardiac valves. This patient was treated with medicines only- Inderal, propylthiouracil, steroids, and nifedipine and repetition echocardiography 6 months subsequently showed important autumn in right ventricular systolic force per unit area.Suk JH and co-workers 5 performed consecutive echocardiographic scrutinies in 64 untreated patients with Graves disease. The survey found that the prevalence of PAH amon gst the patients in the survey was 44 % . Follow up echocardiography performed in the patients with PAH after intervention with anti-thyroid drugs, revealed that PAH had vanished in all except one patient.Marvisi M and co-workers 9 studied 114 patients with thyrotoxicosis of which 47 had Graves disease and 67 had nodular goitre alongwith a matched control group. Mild pneumonic high blood pressure was found in 50 instances from the patient group which was once more divided into 2 subgroups those treated with methimazole and those with overtone thyroidectomy. After a 120 twenty-four hours followup, the survey concluded that the association between thyrotoxicosis and mild and transient PAH is frequent and that methimazole causes a faster autumn in mPAP compared to partial thyroidectomy.Though the exact pathogenesis of this lieu is non known, the mechanisms that have been debated in literature include increased pneumonic blood flow 5 or autoimmune procedure associated with endoth elial harm 8 . Other possible accounts include increased cardiac end product in thyrotoxicosis or increased dislocation of intrinsic pneumonic vasodilatives 6 .DecisionIn patients with pneumonic high blood pressure non related to left bosom disease, a operate must be made for other reversible causes before doing the diagnosing of primary pneumonic high blood pressure. 3 Hyperthyroidism is rather often associated with mild and transient pneumonic high blood pressure than antecedently thought and is normally reversible with intervention. 5,9 In rare fortunes, pneumonic high blood pressure secondary to hyperthyroidism can be terrible plenty to show with right bosom failure and should be included in the differential diagnosing when other common causes have been ruled out. 7 Using medicines for intervention of thyrotoxicosis with PAH is associated with faster autumn in mPAP. 9

Cost and Price Analysis

approach and Price Analysis InstructorName ClassFinance 230Date closeResults 1)Why is it important for the presidential term to exercise good fiscal judgment when spending funds? Government employees argon held responsible for use of good judgment so those excessive prices be not paid. 2)List and describe quartette types of market based pricing. Be sure to provide at least one (1) example of for individually one type.Competitive Offers response to collection encouraging competing offers realised Catalog Price Published by the seller in a regularly maintained compose or price list Established trade Price substantiated from sources independent of the seller and argon current sales prices established in the normal operate of trade between buyers and sellers free to bargain in the market place. Established by Law or Regulation customers argon consistently impacted by the established prices. )List 3 reasons that politics buyers have profound advantages in getting fair and reasonable prices. The government is the only buyer which has a strong negotiating piazza on pricing. High volume purchase suppliers like to deal with high volume buyers and ar fain to give better prices to such(prenominal) buyers. Anit-Deficiency Act requires the government agencies have the money to pay for the iron out use before signing the contract. 4)Compare and contrast personify, price and avail. Price refers to the amount of money that consumers have to give up to acquire goods or service. do good is what ever monetary amount is left after all appeal has been paid. 5)List and explain the two acceptable procedures for obtaining competitive prices. Sealed Bidding A process by which government needs are made inhabitn by a solicitation called and Invitation for Bids (IFB). Negotiation is the spotting rule that ma be used when sealed bidding is inappropriate. Competitive Proposals A process by which government needs are made known by a solicitation called a Reques t for character reference (RFQ) 6)Compare and contrast toll and fiscal be.List two (2) examples each of conditions that warrant the use of approach and financial accounting procedures. Cost accounting is a procedure which enables firms to keep track of the lives that apply to each individual contract or major task they under take. Ex shew up acct. estimate the approach of work before unfeignedly undertaking it. Financial accounting is the accumulation of information that enables the firm to know how much total follow and profit they made in a point period of time. Ex. 7)What are the three major classifications of represent?Reasonable, allowable, and allocable cost Variable fixed, and semi-variable cost Direct and collateral cost 8)Compare direct and indirect costs. Direct cost direct labor, direct substantives, and some other costs specifically associated with particular contracts are classified as direct costs. Indirect cost are any cost that are not direct. Cost that apply across the board to large parts not handily chargeable to one particular contract. How does the government contracting incumbent ensure the costs are reasonable, allowable and allocable?Reasonable Cost in its nature and amount, it does not communicate that which would be incurred by a prudent person in the conduct of a competitive vexation. everyowable Cost allowability of a particular cost under cost principles must be determine victimisation FAR Part 3. each(prenominal) principle is based on laws and policies. The decision for determing allowable of a particular cost rest with the promise officeholder. Allocable Costs alloacable if I is assignable or chargeable to one or more cost objectives on the basis of relative benefits received or other equitable relationship. )When may certified cost or pricing data be required? The head of an agency shall require offerors, declarers, and subcontractors to make cost or pricing data available as follows An offeror for a prime contract entered into using procedures other than sealed-bid procedures shall be required to submit cost or pricing data before the laurels of a contract if in the case of a prime contract, the price of the contract to the is expected to exceed $500,000 and in the case of a prime contract entered into on or before, the price of the contract to the unite States is expected to exceed $100,000. n the case of a change or modification made to a prime contract referred to in subparagraph the price adjustment is expected to exceed $500,000 in the case of a change or modification, to a prime contract that was entered , the price adjustment is expected to exceed $500,000 and in the case of a change or modification not covered by clause (i) or (ii), the price adjustment is expected to exceed $100,000. 10)If the government were to determine that significant overpricing occurred because of defective cost or pricing data, what options may the contracting incumbent explore prior to award?What may the contracting officer consider after award? The Truth in Negoatation Act an examination of defective pricing in government contracting 11)Explain the level of importance associated with the detailed abstract of direct labor costs when determine a fixed-price contract. Price analysis shall be used when cost or pricing data are not required in catch out the reasonableness of the prime contract price. Some firm-fixed-price contracts may inculpate substantially less cost risk than that of direct costs, such as material and labor, and associated indirect costs. 2)When determining proposed hourly wage rates, list three (3) options an offeror explore. Plantwide rate, Departmental Rate, and Rates by Labor phratry 13)List, in comparison, what process improvements benefits realized from the erudition curve and improvement curve. What are the expectations of each curve? Theroy called learning curve because it is belived thath learning workers caused most of the time sa ving, Studies showed that other factors, such as equipment and set-up improvements, also help cast down unit production time.It is called various names improvement curve, experience curve and time reduction curve. 14)How does a company effectively manage the smash expense? What are the typical expenses included in hit? command operating expense expenses are those production and nonproduction costs not readily traceable to specific jobs or processes. Overhead expenses encompass three general areas indirect materials, indirect labor, and all other miscellaneous production expenses, such as taxes, insurance, depreciation, supplies, utilities, and repairs.Therefore, overhead expense is part of the total costs of maintaining and staffing a business. 15)Categorize the following expenses as every Overhead or General & Administrative a. Lease b. Entertainment Expense c. Travel Expense d. paysheet Expense e. Marketing Expense f. Mileage g. Professional Development h. Utilities i. Commu nications Expense j. Good allow k. look into and Development Costs l. Taxes m. Patent Costs n. Bad Debts o. Lobbying and other Political Costs 16)The scrap fee includes spoilage and shrinkage. List two (2) similarities and differences between the three categories.Scrape allowance is extra amount of material or parts required to be sure that enough material will be avaible to make the final product. Scrap is unadvoidable. Spoilage is a different from scrape because it is the direct result of someone do a mistake or a machine getting out of adjustment or a similar problem. Shrinkage is another factor. This can be the result of nature. 17)Explain the following concepts a. Underabsorption under absorption is when the actual budgeted overhead is less than the planned overhead b. OverabsorptionOccurrence of credit balance in factory-overhead account, resulting from excess of overhead applied to work-in-process inventory over the amount of overhead actually incurred. c. Exact Absorption The chances of absorbing the slender actual amount of overhead by a series of many customer billings throughout the course of instruction are nil. 18)Describe the following methods in conducting price analysis a. Comparison of proposed prices received in response to the solicitation These methods consist of comparing offered prices to each other to decide which are reasonable b.Comparison of prior proposed prices and contract prices with current proposed prices Method most frequently used for government price analysis when agency has had a history of contracting for the same products or services. c. Comparison with competitive published price lists Catalogs are recognised as fairly reliable guides on current prices being paid by consumers in general. Established catalog or market price. The price paid for commercial items prices for items sold in substantial. Established catalog price, Established market price, and Price paid for Commercial items. . Visual Analysis FAR 5. 404-1(b ) (4) says value analysis can give insight into the relative worth of a product, and government may use it in conjunction with other price analysis techniques. 20)Facilities cost of seat of government is allowable if the contractors have which of the following (a) ceiling investment is measured, allocated to contracts and cost as required by CAS 414 (b) Contractor has adequate records to show compliance with CAS 414 (c) Estimated facilities capital cost of money is specifically proposed for the contract under which it is claimed (d) All of the above 1) Compare and contrast Distributed Facilities and undistributed Facilities. Distributed facilities are those that are clearly and directly assigned to specific overhead or G accounts. Undistribute Facilities are facilities capital costs incurred for more than one indirect cost pool. The cost of these facilities must be allocated to the indirect cost pools that bebefit from them. 22) Facilities capital cost of money is an a. Allocatabl e cost b. Allowable cost c. Variable cost d. Imputed cost e. both b and d 23).What does the acronym CASB look on in Facilities large(p) Cost of Money a, Capital Accounting System Branch b. Cost Accounting Standards Board c. Cost Analysis Standards Board d. Both a & b 24) Which form is used to calculate the capital cost of money a. Form CASB-CMF b. DD 1861 c. SF 182 d. All of the above. 25) In which (1) one of the three government agencys can a contract auditor assist the contracting officer in contract pricing? Reviewing and evaluating proposed or incurred costs 26) Contracting Officers will often ascertain that the contractors accounting system meets this requirement by commissioning a ______________________?Pre-award Survey of future Contractor Accounting System ( PSPCAS) 27) Contract auditor is called on by a contracting officer to determine if the prospective contract meets what? Responsible financial capability standard of FAR 9. 104-1 28) What unsupported costs are propose d or incurred costs on which the auditor is unable to render an opinion? Regarding reasonable, allowability, or allocability. 29) What does the acronym DCAA mean? Defense contract Audit Agency 30) What is the total Cost Approach? How is it used?It shows all cost incurred in the original contract estimate and were the attributes to the contract were changed. It shows the government at fault and recognizes that neither the contractor nor any third party is at fault. 31) List the two principles that prevail in measuring equitable adjustment. Some cost impact must result from the contract change The contract and government are to remain whole. 32) Why is there a format for submitting proposals for equitable adjustments and when is it used. This formal procedures is a methodical way o document the calculation of the equitable adjustment.When contractors submit certified cost or pricing data if the expected value of the contract modification exceeds $650,00. 00. 33) What is the name of th e formula that is widely used when computing unabsorbed overhead resulting from government caused delays? Eichleay Formula 34) How can contractors segregate the cost of performing changed work? They usually assign specials accounting codes to the transactions attributed to the changed work. 35) What is the main misconception about profit and fee? Negotiated profit or fee is what the contractor will actually get. 6) What three major requirements must government contracting officers adhere to according to the Contracting Officer Responsibilities (FAR 15. 404-4)? Profit fee Pre-negotiation objective, Facilities Capital Cost of Money, Statutory Limitations of Prices or Fees 37) Name six major factors attitude on profit levels for government contracts. Contractor Effort, Contract cost rack, Federal Socioeconomic programs, Capital Investments, Cost Control and other Past Accomplishments, Independent Development. 38) What is the general approach used by all the structure profit systems.T he structured profit systems establish a total profit objective by adding profit increments for various major cost inputs and for other contract factors. 39) What are the major categories listed under the approach of Profit Determination Overhead? High skill supervision, clerical and support, depreciation or rent (complex) depreciation or rent (routine), fringe benefits administrative, routine expense, and total overhead costs. 40) List three important factors that every business must consider before doing business with the government.